Mark 10 : 38

The Greek articular subject Ὁ ... Ἰησοῦς explicitly names Jesus; the Peshitta uses only the demonstrative/pronoun ܗܘ ('he'), leaving the referent implicit, while the Vulgate names Jesus without an article. The Syriac thus omits the proper noun present in both Greek and Latin.

Greek αἰτεῖσθε is a single middle present form; the Peshitta again renders it periphrastically with ܫܐܠܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ, while the Vulgate petatis is followed by a punctuating colon counted here. The middle voice of the Greek (asking for oneself) is not morphologically reproduced in either version.

Greek δύνασθε and Latin potestis are synthetic; the Syriac ܡܫܟܚܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ is periphrastic (participle of š-k-ḥ 'to be able/find' + enclitic), a characteristic Aramaic construction for capacity.

Greek πιεῖν and Latin bibere are bare infinitives; the Syriac ܕܬܫܬܘܢ is a finite subordinate clause ('that you should drink') introduced by ܕ, a standard Aramaic substitution of a complement clause for an objective infinitive.

Greek πίνω and Latin bibo are finite first-person forms; the Peshitta ܫܬܐ ܐܢܐ is periphrastic participle plus enclitic pronoun, the regular Syriac present, requiring two tokens for the single verbal idea.

Greek ἢ and Latin aut are simple disjunctives; the Syriac coordinates with the prefixed conjunction ܘ ('and') attached to ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܐ, presenting the cup and baptism as paired rather than alternative — a subtle shift from disjunction to conjunction.

Greek βαπτίζομαι is a synthetic passive; the Vulgate baptizor matches. The Peshitta uses the periphrastic ܥܡܕ ܐܢܐ (root ʿ-m-d 'to immerse/stand') with enclitic pronoun. Note Syriac employs the same root for both 'baptize' instances without the Greek active/passive lexical distinction.

Greek βαπτισθῆναι is a passive aorist infinitive completing δύνασθε; the Vulgate baptizari is likewise a passive infinitive. The Peshitta ܬܥܡܕܘܢ is a finite second-person imperfect ('that you be baptized'), again replacing the Greek infinitive with a finite complement, consistent with Aramaic syntax.

The Vulgate marks the entire utterance as interrogative with a closing question mark, matching the interrogative force of the Greek (signalled by clause structure rather than orthography) and the Syriac. This punctuation token has no counterpart in the unpointed Greek or Syriac transmission.