Mark 12 : 1

Greek uses prepositional phrase ἐν παραβολαῖς ('in parables'); Syriac employs the singular ܒܡܬܠܐ ('in a parable'), a typical Semitic idiom treating the collective as singular; Latin mirrors the Greek plural construction in parabolis.

The Vulgate inserts a colon to mark the transition from narrative frame to parable content, a punctuation convention absent in the Greek and Peshitta manuscripts which lack systematic punctuation.

Greek places the object ἀμπελῶνα before the subject ἄνθρωπος; Peshitta inserts the indefinite ܚܕ ('one') and reorders to ܓܒܪܐ ܚܕ ܢܨܒ ܟܪܡܐ ('a man one planted a vineyard'), following Semitic VSO syntax; Vulgate inverts to Vineam pastinavit homo, placing the object first for rhetorical emphasis.

Greek φυτεύω ('plant') and Latin pastinare ('prepare ground, plant') denote agricultural planting; Syriac ܢܨܒ ('set, establish') is a broader term for founding or establishing, semantically overlapping but lexically distinct from the Greek-Latin cognate pair.

Greek περιέθηκεν φραγμόν ('placed around a fence') uses a compound verb with accusative object; Syriac ܘܐܚܕܪܗ ܣܝܓܐ ('and surrounded it with a hedge') employs a simple verb with pronominal suffix; Latin circumdedit sepem mirrors the Greek construction with compound verb and direct object.

Greek ὤρυξεν ὑπολήνιον ('dug a wine vat') lacks explicit locative; Peshitta inserts ܒܗ ('in it') as a locative prepositional phrase ܘܚܦܪ ܒܗ ܡܥܨܪܬܐ ('and dug in it a winepress'), making the spatial relationship explicit; Latin fodit lacum ('dug a trough/vat') follows Greek syntax without the locative.

Greek ᾠκοδόμησεν πύργον ('built a tower') uses simple verb-object construction; Peshitta again inserts locative ܒܗ yielding ܘܒܢܐ ܒܗ ܡܓܕܠܐ ('and built in it a tower'), maintaining parallel structure with the previous clause; Latin ædificavit turrim follows Greek without the locative marker.

The Vulgate concludes the verse with a period, a punctuation convention marking sentence termination absent in Greek and Peshitta manuscript traditions.