Mark 12 : 44

Greek substantivises a participle (τοῦ περισσεύοντος, 'that which abounds') governed by the article; the Vulgate renders this with a relative clause (eo, quod abundabat); the Peshitta uses the indefinite noun ܡܕܡ ('something') plus a relative ܕܝܬܝܪ ('which is over'). All three express superfluity but through distinct syntactic devices.

The Clementine Vulgate inserts a colon to mark the contrastive shift to the widow's action; this is editorial punctuation with no counterpart token in the Greek or Syriac, where the adversative is carried lexically by δέ / ܕܝܢ.

Greek expresses 'her poverty' analytically with article, noun, and a possessive genitive pronoun (τῆς ὑστερήσεως αὐτῆς); Syriac compresses this into a single noun with a pronominal suffix ܚܣܝܪܘܬܗ ('her want'); the Vulgate uses noun plus possessive adjective (penuria sua). The difference is purely morphological encoding of possession.

Greek 'ὅσα εἶχεν' ('as much as she had') uses a single imperfect verb; the Peshitta expands with the existential idiom ܡܕܡ ܕܐܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ('whatever there was to her'), employing the particle ܐܝܬ with the past auxiliary ܗܘܐ and the dative ܠܗ to convey possession, a standard Syriac construction lacking a true verb 'to have'.

The Greek ἔβαλεν is an intransitive aorist ('she cast in'); the Peshitta ܐܪܡܝܬܗ carries an object suffix ('she cast it in'), explicitly resuming the antecedent, whereas the Latin misit leaves the object implicit. A minor difference in object marking.