Mark 2 : 15

Greek uses an articular infinitive in the prepositional phrase ἐν τῷ κατακεῖσθαι αὐτόν ('while he was reclining'), with an explicit accusative subject αὐτόν. The Vulgate renders this with a temporal clause cum accumberet (subjunctive), and the Peshitta with the conjunction ܕܟܕ plus the passive participle ܣܡܝܟ; all three express the same circumstantial sense by distinct syntactic means.

The Greek ἐν τῇ οἰκίᾳ αὐτοῦ ('in his house') is matched by the Vulgate three-word in domo illius. The Peshitta compresses preposition, noun, and possessive into a single inflected form ܒܒܝܬܗ ('in-his-house'), a normal feature of Syriac morphology.

The Greek introduces the main clause with a second resumptive καί ('and many tax collectors...'), characteristic of paratactic Markan style. Neither the Peshitta nor the Vulgate represents this connective, since both have subordinated the preceding clause and thus require no coordinating conjunction here.

Greek and Latin attest separate tokens for 'and' (καί / et) and 'sinners' (ἁμαρτωλοί / peccatores). The Peshitta fuses the conjunction with the noun into ܘܚܛܝܐ ('and-sinners'), so the single Syriac token carries both the connective and the substantive.

The Greek compound verb συνανέκειντο ('were reclining together with') is a single imperfect. The Vulgate analyses it into adverb + verb simul discumbebant, while the Peshitta uses the periphrastic participle + auxiliary ܣܡܝܟܝܢ ܗܘܘ ('were reclining'), the standard Syriac way of expressing durative past action.

Greek καὶ τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ uses the dative article plus noun governed by the earlier verb. The Peshitta repeats the preposition (ܘܥܡ ܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ, 'and with his disciples'), matching the construction ܥܡ ܝܫܘܥ; the Vulgate omits a repeated preposition (et discipulis ejus), continuing the government of cum from the previous phrase.

The Clementine Vulgate inserts an explicit colon here, marking the boundary before the explanatory clause erant enim multi. The Greek punctuates with a high point (·) attached to αὐτοῦ· and the Peshitta marks no equivalent stop as a separate token.

Greek ἦσαν and Latin erant are single imperfect forms of 'to be'. The Peshitta expresses the same with the existential particle plus auxiliary ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ ('they were/existed'), a two-word periphrasis standard in Syriac for past-tense existential predication.

Greek continues paratactically with καὶ ἠκολούθουν ('and they were following'). The Vulgate subordinates this into a relative clause qui et sequebantur ('who also were following'), introducing the relative pronoun qui not present in the Greek or Syriac. The Peshitta retains coordination with ܘܐܬܘ.

Greek ἠκολούθουν ('they were following', from ἀκολουθέω) and Latin sequebantur both denote discipular following. The Peshitta reads ܘܐܬܘ ('and they came', root a-y-th) rather than a verb of following, a slight lexical shift emphasising arrival/accompaniment with the following ܒܬܪܗ ('after him') supplying the directional sense.

Greek αὐτῷ is a simple dative object of ἀκολουθέω ('were following him'); the Vulgate uses the accusative eum with sequor. The Peshitta renders the idea with the prepositional phrase ܒܬܪܗ ('after him'), pairing with ܘܐܬܘ to mean 'came after him', the conventional Syriac expression for following.