Polyglot Concordance / Mk · Controversies in Galilee
New Testament · Controversies in Galilee · Mark

Mark 2 : 22

EN No one puts new wine into old wineskins, or else the new wine will burst the skins, and the wine pours out, and the skins will be destroyed; but they put new wine into fresh wineskins.”

ES Ni nadie echa vino nuevo en odres viejos; de otra manera, el vino nuevo rompe los odres, y se derrama el vino, y los odres se pierden; mas el vino nuevo en odres nuevos se ha de echar.

ZH-HANS 也没有人把新酒装在旧皮袋里，恐怕酒把皮袋裂开，酒和皮袋就都坏了；惟把新酒装在新皮袋里。」

ZH-HANT 也沒有人把新酒裝在舊皮袋裏，恐怕酒把皮袋裂開，酒和皮袋就都壞了；惟把新酒裝在新皮袋裏。」

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批判性批注

7 处异文 · 3 处见证
𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul
construction All three attest
Greek NT ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς·
Peshitta ܒܠܝܬܐ
Vulgate utres veteres alioquin

Greek uses accusative plural ἀσκοὺς παλαιούς with adjective following noun; Peshitta employs construct state ܒܙܩܐ ܒܠܝܬܐ (wineskins old); Vulgate mirrors Greek word order with utres veteres but adds punctuation (colon) creating a clause break absent in Greek and Syriac.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul
substitution All three attest
Greek NT εἰ δὲ μή
Peshitta ܕܠܐ
Vulgate dirumpet

Greek employs the conditional construction εἰ δὲ μή ('but if not, otherwise') expressing consequence; Peshitta uses simple negative ܕܠܐ ('lest'); Vulgate substitutes the adverb alioquin ('otherwise'), condensing the Greek three-word phrase into a single lexeme with equivalent semantic force.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul
expansion All three attest
Greek NT ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος ὁ νέος τοὺς ἀσκούς
Peshitta ܚܡܪܐ ܡܨܪܐ ܠܙܩܐ
Vulgate vinum utres et

Greek provides a fully articulated clause with double article construction: ῥήξει ὁ οἶνος ὁ νέος τοὺς ἀσκούς ('the new wine will burst the wineskins'), emphasizing both subject and object with definite articles. Peshitta compresses to ܚܡܪܐ ܡܨܪܐ ܠܙܩܐ ('wine bursts wineskins') without articles or the adjective 'new'. Vulgate further condenses to dirumpet vinum utres ('will burst wine [the] wineskins'), omitting the adjective novum and using fewer articles than Greek.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul
lexical All three attest
Greek NT καὶ ὁ οἶνος ἀπόλλυται
Peshitta ܘܚܡܪܐ ܡܬܐܫܕ
Vulgate vinum effundetur et

Greek uses ἀπόλλυται ('is destroyed/perishes') for the wine's fate; Peshitta employs ܡܬܐܫܕ ('is poured out/spilled'), focusing on physical spillage rather than destruction; Vulgate uses effundetur ('will be poured out'), aligning semantically with Peshitta against Greek, suggesting independent translation choices or textual influence between Latin and Syriac traditions.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul
construction All three attest
Greek NT καὶ οἱ ἀσκοί ἀπολοῦνται·
Peshitta ܘܙܩܐ ܐܒܕܢ
Vulgate utres peribunt sed vinum

Greek places the wineskins' destruction after the wine's fate with future tense ἀπολοῦνται ('will perish'); Peshitta reverses the order, mentioning wineskins first with ܙܩܐ ܐܒܕܢ ('wineskins perish'); Vulgate follows Greek order with utres peribunt and adds a colon for punctuation, creating a stronger clause boundary than the Greek conjunction καί.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul
lexical All three attest
Greek NT εἰς ἀσκοὺς
Peshitta ܚܕܬܬܐ
Vulgate mitti debet

Greek uses καινούς ('new' in the sense of fresh/unused) to describe the wineskins; Peshitta employs ܚܕܬܬܐ (emphatic form of 'new'); Vulgate uses novos ('new'), the same adjective used earlier for the wine, whereas Greek distinguishes between νέος (new wine, temporally recent) and καινός (new wineskins, qualitatively fresh).

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul
construction All three attest
Greek NT καινούς
Peshitta ܪܡܝܢ

Greek employs the verbal adjective βλητέον ('must be put'), a rare impersonal construction expressing necessity; Peshitta uses the active plural participle ܪܡܝܢ ('they put/cast'), shifting from impersonal obligation to active agency; Vulgate renders with passive infinitive mitti debet ('must be put'), preserving the Greek sense of necessity but using a different syntactic structure (infinitive + auxiliary verb rather than verbal adjective).