Mark 6 : 26

Greek uses an adjective + participle (περίλυπος γενόμενος, 'having become deeply grieved'); the Vulgate renders this with a finite passive (contristatus est) and the Peshitta with a finite verb plus ethical dative and intensifier (ܘܟܪܝܬ ܠܗ ܣܓܝ, 'and it grieved him greatly'). The Peshitta's ܣܓܝ ('greatly') explicitly captures the περι- intensive prefix that Latin leaves implicit.

The Peshitta inserts the postpositive particle ܕܝܢ ('but/however') at this point, supplying a mild adversative nuance absent from both the Greek and the Vulgate. Such connective particles are a regular feature of Syriac narrative style and need not reflect a divergent Vorlage.

Greek has the plural τοὺς ὅρκους ('the oaths'); the Vulgate likewise uses the form jusjurandum, here functionally singular, while the Peshitta ܡܘܡܬܐ is morphologically singular. The shift from Greek plural to a singular in the versions reflects the idiomatic treatment of an oath as a single sworn act.

Greek and Latin coordinate with a simple conjunction (καί / et) followed by a repeated preposition (propter); the Peshitta fuses conjunction and preposition into the single compound ܘܡܛܠ ('and because of'), so one Syriac token answers to two Latin tokens.

Greek uses an articular present participle (τοὺς ἀνακειμένους, 'those reclining at table'); the Vulgate matches with simul discumbentes ('those reclining together'), while the Peshitta employs the single passive participle ܣܡܝܟܐ ('the guests/those seated'). The three traditions agree semantically but differ in syntactic packaging of the dinner-guests.

The negative particle is overt in Greek (οὐκ) and Syriac (ܠܐ) preceding the verb of willing; in the Vulgate the negation is incorporated into the verb itself (noluit, 'he was unwilling'), so no separate negative token appears in Latin.

Greek and Latin read 'to refuse her' (ἀθετῆσαι αὐτήν / eam contristare), with the Vulgate's contristare ('to grieve/disappoint') being a freer rendering of ἀθετέω ('to set aside, deny'). The Peshitta ܕܢܓܠܙܝܗ ('to defraud/deprive her') with the suffixed feminine object presents a distinct lexical choice connoting withholding what is owed, a substantive semantic divergence from the Greek notion of nullifying a request.