Mark 1 : 22

Greek ἐξεπλήσσοντο is a single imperfect passive verb ('they were astonished'); the Peshitta renders this periphrastically with predicate ܬܡܝܗܝܢ ('astonished/marvelling') plus the auxiliary ܗܘܘ ('were'), a standard Syriac construction for past durative states. The Vulgate stupebant matches the Greek single-verb imperfect.

Greek uses article + dative noun (τῇ διδαχῇ); Latin uses the bare ablative doctrina without article (Latin lacking definite articles); Syriac fuses the preposition, noun, and possessive suffix into the single inflected form ܒܝܘܠܦܢܗ ('at his teaching'), incorporating the genitive pronoun that Greek and Latin express separately.

Greek ἦν...διδάσκων is a periphrastic imperfect (auxiliary + present participle); the Vulgate erat...docens mirrors this periphrasis exactly. The Peshitta ܡܠܦ ܗܘܐ likewise uses participle + auxiliary, though it places the participle ܡܠܦ before its auxiliary ܗܘܐ, reversing the Greek/Latin order — a difference of word-order within an equivalent construction.

Greek ἐξουσίαν ἔχων ('having authority') is an abstract noun governed by a participle; the Vulgate potestatem habens replicates this exactly. The Peshitta condenses both into the single agent noun ܡܫܠܛܐ ('one having authority / an authoritative one'), substituting a substantival construction for the Greek noun-plus-participle phrase.

Greek καὶ οὐχ ('and not') and Latin et non are two discrete tokens (conjunction + negator); the Peshitta fuses both into the single proclitic form ܘܠܐ ('and-not'), a normal Syriac orthographic conjunction of the connective waw with the negative particle ܠܐ.

Greek οἱ γραμματεῖς uses article + noun ('the scribes'); the Vulgate scribæ drops the article per Latin usage. The Peshitta ܣܦܪܝܗܘܢ adds a 3rd-person plural possessive suffix ('their scribes'), an explicating expansion not present in the Greek or Latin, identifying the scribes as belonging to the hearers' community.