Mark 12 : 21

Greek uses coordinating καί plus the substantivised ordinal ὁ δεύτερος as separate tokens; the Peshitta fuses conjunction, relative/genitive particle, and ordinal into a single prefixed form ܘܕܬܪܝܢ ('and-of-the-second'), while the Vulgate splits them as Et secundus. The divergence is purely morphosyntactic agglutination versus analytic phrasing.

The Greek articulated ordinal ὁ δεύτερος is matched by the bare Latin secundus and is subsumed within the agglutinated Syriac ܘܕܬܪܝܢ; Latin and Syriac both lack a separate definite article here, reflecting their normal substantival usage of ordinals.

Greek ἔλαβεν αὐτήν and Latin accepit eam express the verb and feminine object analytically; Syriac ܢܣܒܗ encodes both the verb (root n-s-b) and the third-person feminine suffix pronoun in a single inflected form, a standard Syriac economy.

The Greek connective καί is rendered in the Vulgate by a colon followed by et, the editorial punctuation introducing the next clause; the Peshitta absorbs this transition into the subordinating ܟܕ that follows.

Greek μὴ αὐτός ('not he himself') and Latin nec iste form a negated emphatic subject; the Peshitta expands the construction with the subordinator ܟܕ ('while') plus the adverbial ܐܦ ('even/also') before the negative ܠܐ and pronoun ܗܘ, yielding 'while he too did not...', a fuller concessive nuance not explicit in Greek or Latin.

Greek uses the aorist participle καταλιπών ('having left'), syntactically dependent, whereas both Syriac ܫܒܩ (root sh-b-q) and Latin reliquit employ a finite past-tense verb; the participial versus finite rendering reflects each tradition's preferred clause structure.