Mark 12 : 21

Greek uses article + ordinal adjective (ὁ δεύτερος); Peshitta employs a prefixed conjunction-relative construction (ܘܕܬܪܝܢ, 'and-the-second'); Vulgate omits the article, using bare ordinal secundus. All three convey identical referential meaning with different syntactic strategies.

Greek uses conjunction + aorist verb (καὶ ἀπέθανεν); Peshitta employs simple waw-consecutive perfect (ܘܡܝܬ); Vulgate expands with conjunction + perfect passive participle + auxiliary (et mortuus est). The Vulgate's analytic construction reflects Latin's preference for compound verb forms where Greek and Syriac use synthetic morphology.

Greek employs negative participle with emphatic pronoun (μὴ αὐτὸς καταλιπών, 'not he himself having left'); Peshitta uses temporal clause with double negation and independent pronoun (ܟܕ ܐܦ ܠܐ ܗܘ ܫܒܩ, 'when also not he left'); Vulgate mirrors Greek structure with negative conjunction + demonstrative + participle (nec iste reliquit). The Peshitta's ܐܦ ('also/even') intensifies the negation beyond what Greek or Latin express, suggesting emphatic rhetorical force.

Greek uses conjunction + article + ordinal (καὶ ὁ τρίτος); Peshitta employs prefixed conjunction-relative (ܘܕܬܠܬܐ); Vulgate uses conjunction + bare ordinal (Et tertius). Identical pattern to token group 0–2, reflecting consistent translation strategy across the verse.