Mark 14 : 20

Greek uses the articular subject ὁ (with following δέ) functioning as a demonstrative ('he'); the Vulgate renders this with the relative pronoun Qui ('who'), a typical Latin technique for resuming a narrative subject, while Syriac ܗܘ is an independent demonstrative pronoun. The three express the same referent through different syntactic devices.

The Greek redundant participle ἀποκριθεὶς ('answering'), a Semitism reflecting Hebrew וַיַּעַן, is left untranslated in both the Peshitta and the Vulgate, which present a simple verb of speaking without the introductory participle.

All three attest the dative/indirect-object 'to them' (αὐτοῖς / ܠܗܘܢ / illis); the Vulgate adds an explicit colon (token 3) marking the boundary of direct speech, a punctuation feature absent from the unpointed Greek and Syriac witnesses.

Greek employs an articular present participle ὁ ἐμβαπτόμενος ('the one dipping'), and the Vulgate mirrors this with a relative clause qui intingit; the Peshitta uses a relative particle prefixed to the finite verb ܕܨܒܥ ('who dips'). All three convey the same idea, but with differing means of subordination.

The Vulgate supplies an explicit object manum ('hand', i.e. 'dips his hand'), an interpretive expansion paralleling Matt 26:23 (qui intingit mecum manum in paropside). Neither the Greek nor the Syriac names the hand here, leaving the verb absolute.

Greek specifies εἰς τὸ ἓν τρύβλιον ('into the one bowl'), emphasising shared communion by the numeral ἕν; the Vulgate renders in catino without the numeral, and the Peshitta uses the single locative ܒܠܓܬܐ ('in the dish'), likewise dropping the emphatic 'one'. The numeral's omission in both versions softens the Greek's heightened sense of shared intimacy.