Mark 4 : 8

Greek opens with the coordinating καί and Latin matches with Et, both clause-initial. The Peshitta instead uses the post-positive adversative/discourse particle ܕܝܢ ('but, now'), a Greek-influenced διέ-type connective that subtly marks the new sentence rather than simple coordination.

Greek ἄλλα is neuter plural ('other [seeds]'), agreeing with the participles ἀναβαίνοντα/αὐξανόμενα, whereas the Vulgate aliud and Syriac ܐܚܪܢܐ render the subject as a singular collective. Mark's text fluctuates between singular and plural for the seed, and the versions normalise toward the singular.

Greek supplies the definite article τὴν γῆν ('the soil'); the Vulgate terram and Syriac ܐܪܥܐ render the noun without an article (Latin lacking one entirely, Syriac in the absolute/emphatic state without demonstrative force), a routine equivalence.

Greek uses the attributive article + adjective τὴν καλὴν in second-attributive position, while Latin bonam and Syriac ܛܒܬܐ render a simple postposed adjective; the Greek articular repetition has no formal counterpart in the versions.

Greek καὶ ἐδίδου coordinates the yielding clause, and the Syriac ܘ- prefix on ܘܣܠܩ likewise begins a coordinated verb of ascent; the Latin places its et later (before dabat), so the conjunctions do not align position-for-position across the three witnesses.

Greek ἐδίδου and Latin dabat ('was yielding/giving') stand before the participial pair, whereas the Syriac places the corresponding verb ܘܝܗܒ ('and gave') after the verbs of growing (ܘܣܠܩ ܘܪܒܐ), reordering the sequence of yielding and increasing.

Greek ἀναβαίνοντα and Latin ascendentem are participles modifying the fruit, but the Syriac renders the idea with a finite verb ܘܣܠܩ ('and it came up'), converting the Greek participial construction into a coordinate clause typical of Syriac narrative style.

Greek καὶ ἔφερεν and Latin et afferebat introduce a further coordinated verb of bearing fruit; the Syriac has no separate conjoined verb here, having already absorbed the act of bearing into ܘܝܗܒ ܦܐܪܐ above, so this connective lacks a Syriac counterpart.

Greek ἔφερεν ('was bearing', φέρω) and Latin afferebat express a distinct verb of yield, while the Syriac uses only the single verb ܝܗܒ ('gave'); the version collapses the Greek pair δίδωμι/φέρω into one lexeme, a typical economising substitution.

Greek ἓν τριάκοντα ('one [seed yielding] thirty') uses the numeral εἷς distributively; the Syriac renders this with the existential idiom ܐܝܬ ܕܬܠܬܝܢ ('there was that of thirty'), and the Latin unum triginta mirrors the Greek; the three express the same distributive yield through different constructions.

Greek repeats καὶ ἓν ('and one'); the Syriac uses ܘܐܝܬ ('and there was [that of]'), continuing its existential-distributive idiom, and the Latin omits the conjunction before unum sexaginta, leaving asyndeton against the Greek and Syriac coordination.

The Greek distributive numeral ἓν before ἑξήκοντα is carried by the Syriac existential phrase ܘܐܝܬ ܕ- and by the Latin unum; the formal one-to-one numeral does not survive in the Syriac, which substitutes the existential construction.

Greek ἓν ('one') with ἑκατόν is matched by Latin unum, while the Syriac again uses the existential idiom ܘܐܝܬ ܕ- ('and there was that of') rather than a distinct numeral, consistent with its treatment of the preceding yields.