Mark 6 : 44

Greek καὶ ('and') is omitted in both Peshitta and Vulgate. The Peshitta uses ܕܝܢ (dēn, 'but/now') as a discourse marker instead, while the Vulgate begins directly with the verb, treating this as an independent sentence rather than a continuation.

Greek uses simple ἦσαν ('were'); Peshitta employs the periphrastic construction ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ (ītayhōn hwaw, 'they were existing'), a characteristic Syriac idiom for existential predication. Vulgate uses simple Erant, mirroring the Greek structure.

Peshitta inserts ܕܝܢ (dēn, 'but/now') and Vulgate inserts autem ('moreover/but') as discourse connectives. These are stylistic additions not present in the Greek, serving to mark the transition or provide mild contrast with the preceding narrative.

Greek uses articular aorist participle οἱ φαγόντες ('those having eaten'); Vulgate employs relative pronoun + perfect indicative qui manducaverunt ('who ate'); Peshitta uses relative particle ܕ + perfect ܐܟܠܘ (d-ēkal, 'who ate'). All three express the same substantival relative construction with different grammatical strategies.

Greek uses article + plural τοὺς ἄρτους ('the loaves'); Peshitta uses singular ܠܚܡܐ (laḥmā, 'bread/the bread'), a typical Syriac collective singular for mass nouns. Vulgate omits the direct object entirely, incorporating it implicitly within the verb manducaverunt, a Latin stylistic preference for brevity.

Greek uses compound numeral + noun (πεντακισχίλιοι ἄνδρες, 'five-thousand men'); Peshitta and Vulgate both decompose the numeral into constituent parts (ܚܡܫܐ ܐܠܦܝܢ ܓܒܪܝܢ / quinque millia virorum, 'five thousands of-men'), following Semitic and Latin numerical syntax respectively. The word order reflects each language's natural expression of large numbers.