Mark 9:38 — 希臘文 / 別西大 / 武加大對齊

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lexical All three attest

Greek NT Ἔφη δὲ

Peshitta ܐܡܪ

Vulgate Respondit

Greek φημί δέ ('was speaking now') is rendered by Peshitta ܐܡܪ ('said') and Vulgate Respondit ('answered'), both treating the verb as a simple response rather than an imperfect progressive. The Vulgate's choice of 'respondit' implies a more formal reply than the Greek imperfect suggests.

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grammar All three attest

Greek NT ὁ Ἰωάννης·

Peshitta ܝܘܚܢܢ

Vulgate Joannes dicens

Greek uses the article ὁ with Ἰωάννης (nominative subject), which Vulgate mirrors with punctuation (comma after 'Joannes'), while Peshitta ܝܘܚܢܢ lacks the article as typical in Syriac nominal syntax.

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omission Two witnesses

Greek NT λέγων

Vulgate dicens

Greek λέγων ('saying') and Vulgate dicens are redundant participles following the main verb of speech; Peshitta omits this pleonastic construction, moving directly from subject to vocative.

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punctuation Vulgate only

Vulgate Magister

Vulgate inserts a colon after 'dicens' to mark the beginning of direct speech, a punctuation convention absent in Greek and Syriac manuscripts.

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lexical All three attest

Greek NT διδάσκαλε

Peshitta ܪܒܝ

Vulgate vidimus

Greek διδάσκαλε ('Teacher') is rendered by Peshitta ܪܒܝ (rabbi, 'my master') and Vulgate Magister ('Master/Teacher'), reflecting different honorific conventions: Syriac preserves the Semitic title, while Latin uses the standard pedagogical term.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου

Peshitta ܒܫܡܟ

Vulgate nomine tuo ejicientem

Greek uses prepositional phrase ἐν τῷ ὀνόματί σου ('in the name of you') with article; Vulgate mirrors this structure (in nomine tuo); Peshitta employs the bound-state construction ܒܫܡܟ ('in-your-name'), a more compact Semitic idiom lacking the article.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT ἐκβάλλοντα δαιμόνια

Peshitta ܕܡܦܩ ܫܐܕܐ

Vulgate dæmonia qui

Greek and Vulgate place the participle before the object (ἐκβάλλοντα δαιμόνια / ejicientem dæmonia, 'casting out demons'); Peshitta uses a relative clause with verb-object order ܕܡܦܩ ܫܐܕܐ ('who casts-out demons'), typical of Syriac relative constructions.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT ὃς οὐκ ἀκολουθεῖ ἡμῖν

Peshitta ܥܠ ܕܠܐ ܢܩܦ ܠܢ

Vulgate non sequitur nos et

Greek uses relative pronoun ὃς with negated present tense οὐκ ἀκολουθεῖ ἡμῖν ('who does not follow us'); Vulgate mirrors this with qui non sequitur nos; Peshitta employs causal preposition ܥܠ ܕܠܐ ܢܩܦ ܠܢ ('because he does not follow us'), converting the relative clause into a causal construction.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT καὶ ἐκωλύομεν αὐτὸν

Peshitta ܘܟܠܝܢܝܗܝ

Vulgate prohibuimus eum

Greek καὶ ἐκωλύομεν αὐτόν ('and we were forbidding him') and Vulgate et prohibuimus eum maintain verb-object order; Peshitta ܘܟܠܝܢܝܗܝ ('and-we-forbade-him') uses a single word with pronominal suffix, reflecting Syriac's agglutinative morphology.

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omission Greek NT only

Greek NT ὅτι οὐκ ἠκολούθει ἡμῖν.¶

Greek includes explanatory clause ὅτι οὐκ ἠκολούθει ἡμῖν ('because he was not following us'), repeating the reason for prohibition with imperfect tense. Both Peshitta and Vulgate omit this redundant clause, having already stated the reason in the previous relative/causal construction.

Mark 9 : 38

批判性批註