Mark 10 : 12

Greek uses the emphatic pronoun αὐτή ('she herself') as subject, whereas both the Peshitta (ܐܢܬܬܐ) and the Vulgate (uxor) supply the explicit noun 'woman/wife'. The versions render the implied feminine subject lexically, a typical clarifying move.

The Greek aorist participle ἀπολύσασα ('having divorced') is rendered by both versions as a finite verb (Syriac ܬܫܪܐ, Latin dimiserit), converting the Greek circumstantial participle into a paratactic finite clause coordinated with the apodosis. This is a routine construction shift.

Greek τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς ('her husband') with article, noun, and possessive pronoun is compressed in Syriac into the single suffixed form ܒܥܠܗ ('her husband'), the possessive being carried by the pronominal suffix. The Vulgate virum suum matches the Greek in two words but lacks an explicit article, Latin having none.

Greek καὶ γαμήσῃ ('and shall marry') is rendered in Syriac by ܘܬܗܘܐ ('and shall become/be'), an idiomatic euphemism whereby the woman 'becomes (the wife) of another' rather than explicitly 'marrying'; the Vulgate (et … nupserit) preserves the marriage verb. The Syriac periphrasis shifts the conjugal act into a state-of-becoming construction.

Greek μοιχᾶται and Latin mœchatur are finite present indicatives ('she commits adultery'), whereas the Peshitta uses the agent noun ܓܝܪܐ ('adulteress'), predicating a nominal characterisation rather than a verbal action. This nominalisation subtly reframes the offence as identity rather than act.