Mark 10 : 12

Greek separates the conditional particle ἐάν from the conjunction; Syriac fuses both into a single proclitic form ܘܐܢ ('and if'), while the Vulgate keeps Et and si as discrete words. The merger is purely orthographic in Syriac and carries no semantic weight.

Greek uses the emphatic pronoun αὐτή ('she herself') as subject, whereas both the Peshitta (ܐܢܬܬܐ) and the Vulgate (uxor) supply the explicit noun 'woman/wife'. The versions render the implied feminine subject lexically, a typical clarifying move.

The Greek aorist participle ἀπολύσασα ('having divorced') is rendered by both versions as a finite verb (Syriac ܬܫܪܐ, Latin dimiserit), converting the Greek circumstantial participle into a paratactic finite clause coordinated with the apodosis. This is a routine construction shift.

Greek τὸν ἄνδρα αὐτῆς ('her husband') with article, noun, and possessive pronoun is compressed in Syriac into the single suffixed form ܒܥܠܗ ('her husband'), the possessive being carried by the pronominal suffix. The Vulgate virum suum matches the Greek in two words but lacks an explicit article, Latin having none.

Greek μοιχᾶται and Latin mœchatur are finite present indicatives ('she commits adultery'), whereas the Peshitta uses the agent noun ܓܝܪܐ ('adulteress'), predicating a nominal characterisation rather than a verbal action. This nominalisation subtly reframes the offence as identity rather than act.