Mark 10 : 23

The Peshitta omits the initial conjunction καί / Et, beginning instead with the particle ܕܝܢ (dēn, 'but/now'), which functions as a discourse marker rather than a simple coordinating conjunction.

The Peshitta inserts the discourse particle ܕܝܢ (dēn, 'but/now') to mark narrative transition, a common Syriac stylistic feature absent from both Greek and Latin witnesses.

Greek employs the definite article ὁ with Ἰησοῦς; Vulgate and Peshitta lack articles (Latin has no article system; Syriac uses the emphatic state ܝܫܘܥ without separate article).

Greek uses article + noun + possessive pronoun (τοῖς μαθηταῖς αὐτοῦ); Vulgate mirrors this with noun + possessive (discipulis suis); Peshitta employs a single bound form ܒܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ with pronominal suffix, a more compact Semitic construction.

Greek and Peshitta use interrogative + adverb (πῶς δυσκόλως / ܟܡܐ ܥܛܠܐ, 'how difficultly'); Vulgate inverts to exclamatory adverb + adjective (Quam difficile, 'how difficult'), shifting from adverbial to adjectival construction.

Greek uses substantival article + article + noun + participle (οἱ τὰ χρήματα ἔχοντες, 'those having the riches'); Vulgate employs relative pronoun + noun + verb (qui pecunias habent, 'who have riches'); Peshitta uses demonstrative + existential + prepositional phrase + noun (ܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܐܝܬ ܠܗܘܢ ܢܟܣܐ, 'to those who there-is to-them possessions'), reflecting distinct syntactic strategies across the three traditions.

Greek uses preposition + article + noun + article + genitive (εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ); Vulgate mirrors with preposition + noun + genitive (in regnum Dei); Peshitta uses preposition + construct chain (ܠܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܐܠܗܐ), lacking articles but semantically equivalent.

Greek places the verb at the end (εἰσελεύσονται, future indicative); Peshitta positions the verb earlier in the clause (ܕܢܥܠܘܢ, imperfect with d- prefix); Vulgate places it at the end (introibunt, future), reflecting Greek word order but with Latin morphology.

The Vulgate adds an exclamation mark to heighten the rhetorical force of Jesus' statement, a punctuation choice not reflected in Greek or Peshitta manuscript traditions.