Mark 10 : 5

Greek καί (G2532) is omitted in both Peshitta and Vulgate, which begin directly with the participial construction. This reflects a stylistic preference in translation, as the conjunction is redundant in narrative flow when the participial phrase itself signals continuation.

Greek employs a participial construction (ἀποκριθεὶς ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς εἶπεν) with postpositive δέ, while Peshitta uses finite verbs in sequence (ܥܢܐ ܝܫܘܥ ܘܐܡܪ, 'answered Jesus and said') and Vulgate uses a relative pronoun with participle (Quibus respondens Jesus, ait). All three convey identical semantics through different syntactic strategies typical of their respective languages.

Greek σκληροκαρδία (G4641, 'hardness of heart') is a compound noun with article and prepositional phrase (πρὸς τὴν σκληροκαρδίαν ὑμῶν). Peshitta uses a construct chain (ܩܫܝܘܬ ܠܒܟܘܢ, 'hardness of-your-heart') with preposition ܠܘܩܒܠ ('because of'). Vulgate employs duritiam cordis ('hardness of-heart') with genitive vestri. All three traditions express the same causal relationship with morphologically distinct but semantically equivalent constructions.