Mark 12 : 15

Greek uses the articular substantive Ὁ ('the [one]') as subject, the Peshitta the demonstrative pronoun ܗܘ, and the Vulgate the relative pronoun Qui ('who'), turning the construction into a relative clause. All three are functionally equivalent ways of resuming Jesus as subject, but the Latin recasts the syntax.

The Greek postpositive δέ and its Syriac calque ܕܝܢ mark a mild adversative/continuative transition; the Vulgate omits any rendering of the connective particle, a common feature of Latin which often drops such Greek discourse markers.

Greek εἰδώς is a perfect active participle ('having known/knowing'), matched by the Latin present participle sciens. The Peshitta ܝܕܥ is a finite perfect verb, syntactically subordinated to the demonstrative rather than expressed participially.

Greek τὴν ὑπόκρισιν ('the hypocrisy', G5272) and Latin versutiam ('cunning, craftiness') diverge in nuance: the Latin emphasises deceitful shrewdness rather than dissimulation. The Peshitta ܢܟܠܗܘܢ (root k-w-l, 'their guile/deceit') aligns more closely with the Latin sense of treachery than with the Greek term for play-acting.

Greek aorist εἶπεν and Latin perfect ait both stand as independent finite verbs; the Peshitta prefixes the conjunction waw (ܘܐܡܪ, 'and he said'), coordinating the clause paratactically in characteristic Semitic style rather than subordinating the participle.

Greek αὐτοῖς and Syriac ܠܗܘܢ are dative/prepositional indirect objects ('to them'); the Clementine Vulgate reads accusative illos rather than the expected dative illis, a known late-Latin / Vulgate solecism in the dicere + accusative construction.

Greek πειράζετε and Latin tentatis are single synthetic finite verbs carrying the 2nd-person plural subject inflectionally. The Peshitta uses the analytic participle-plus-enclitic-pronoun construction ܡܢܣܝܢ ܐܢܬܘܢ ('are you testing'), the normal Syriac means of expressing a present-tense verb with explicit subject pronoun.

Greek ἵνα ἴδω and Latin ut videam form an explicit final/purpose clause ('that I may see'). The Peshitta expresses the same purpose paratactically with a bare imperfect ܐܚܙܐ ('I shall see'), omitting any subordinating conjunction in typical Syriac fashion.