Mark 12 : 31

Greek uses the conjunction καί + adjective δευτέρα ('and a second'); the Vulgate renders this with secundum...autem, employing the postpositive adversative particle autem to mark a mild contrast absent from Greek and Syriac. Syriac compresses the whole into the single relative-prefixed form ܘܕܬܪܝܢ ('and that-of-second'), a typical economy of the Peshitta.

Greek ὁμοία and Syriac ܕܕܡܐ stand without an explicit copula; the Vulgate supplies the verb est ('is') to complete the Latin clause simile est, since Latin tolerates the verbless predicate less readily than the Semitic and Greek idioms.

Greek expresses 'your neighbour' analytically with article, adverbial substantive and genitive pronoun (τὸν πλησίον σου), matched by Latin proximum tuum; Syriac compresses noun and possessive suffix into the single inflected form ܠܩܪܝܒܟ, a normal Semitic morphological synthesis.

The Vulgate inserts an explicit colon (:) before the quoted commandment, supplying punctuation that frames the Old Testament citation (Lev 19:18); neither the Greek nor Syriac mark the quotation orthographically here.

Greek expresses the comparison with the bare genitive of comparison τούτων ('than these'), and Latin likewise with the genitive horum; Syriac uses the analytic comparative ܡܢ ܗܠܝܢ ('from these'), the standard Semitic periphrasis for the comparative degree.

Greek negates with οὐκ ἔστιν and Latin with non est ('there is not'); Syriac employs the single negative existential particle ܠܝܬ, which fuses negation and the verb 'to be' in one lexeme, a characteristic Aramaic construction.