Mark 1:16 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar All three attest

Greek NT παράγων δὲ

Peshitta ܡܗܠܟ

Vulgate præteriens

Greek employs two particles (παράγων δέ, present participle + postpositive conjunction) where Peshitta uses a single temporal clause (ܘܟܕ ܡܗܠܟ, 'and while walking') and Vulgate a single participle (præteriens). The semantic content is identical but the Greek construction is more elaborate.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τῆς Γαλιλαίας

Peshitta ܚܕܪܝ ܝܡܐ ܕܓܠܝܠܐ

Vulgate secus mare Galilææ

Greek uses prepositional phrase with article (παρὰ τὴν θάλασσαν τῆς Γαλιλαίας, 'by the sea of Galilee'); Peshitta employs a construct chain without preposition (ܚܕܪܝ ܝܡܐ ܕܓܠܝܠܐ, 'around the sea of Galilee'); Vulgate mirrors Greek structure (secus mare Galilææ). The Peshitta's ܚܕܪܝ ('around') is semantically equivalent to Greek παρά ('beside/along') in this context.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ τοῦ Σίμωνος

Peshitta ܘܠܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܐܚܘܗܝ

Vulgate Andream fratrem ejus

Greek places the appositive phrase after Andrew's name (Ἀνδρέαν τὸν ἀδελφὸν αὐτοῦ τοῦ Σίμωνος, 'Andrew the brother of him, of Simon'), with redundant genitival specification. Peshitta integrates the relationship marker directly with Andrew's name (ܘܠܐܢܕܪܐܘܣ ܐܚܘܗܝ, 'and to Andrew his brother'), while Vulgate follows Greek word order (Andream fratrem ejus) but omits the redundant 'of Simon.'

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

lexical All three attest

Greek NT ἀμφιβάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον ἐν τῇ θαλάσσῃ·

Peshitta ܕܪܡܝܢ ܡܨܝܕܬܐ ܒܝܡܐ

Vulgate mittentes retia in mare

Greek uses a cognate accusative construction (ἀμφιβάλλοντας ἀμφίβληστρον, 'casting a casting-net') with the rare verb ἀμφιβάλλω. Peshitta employs the common verb ܪܡܐ ('to cast/throw') with ܡܨܝܕܬܐ ('net'). Vulgate uses mittentes retia ('casting nets', plural), a more general expression. All three convey the same fishing activity but with different lexical specificity.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

punctuation All three attest

Greek NT ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς

Peshitta ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ ܓܝܪ ܨܝܕܐ

Vulgate (erant enim piscatores)

Greek presents the explanatory clause as an independent statement (ἦσαν γὰρ ἁλιεῖς, 'for they were fishermen'). Vulgate encloses it in parentheses (erant enim piscatores), marking it as subordinate commentary. Peshitta uses the existential particle ܐܝܬܝܗܘܢ ܗܘܘ ('they were') with ܓܝܪ ('for'), structurally parallel to Greek but without punctuation distinction. The semantic content is identical across all three traditions.

Mark 1 : 16

Critical apparatus