Mark 1 : 21

Greek and Latin open paratactically with a simple coordinating conjunction (Καὶ / Et), continuing Mark's characteristic narrative parataxis. The Peshitta ܘܟܕ ('and when') subordinates the entry into Capernaum, recasting the first clause as a temporal subordinate, a stylistic smoothing typical of Syriac narrative.

The high point following Καφαρναούμ in the Greek and the colon after Capharnaum in the Vulgate mark a clause boundary that the Peshitta encodes syntactically through its subordinating ܘܟܕ construction rather than orthographically.

Greek uses an aorist participle plus prepositional phrase (εἰσελθὼν εἰς τὴν συναγωγὴν), closely mirrored by the Latin participial ingressus in synagogam. The Peshitta condenses 'having entered into the synagogue' into the single locative noun ܒܟܢܘܫܬܗܘܢ ('in their synagogue'), omitting an explicit verb of entering and supplying a possessive suffix not present in the other witnesses.

Greek τοῖς σάββασιν and Latin sabbatis are morphologically plural (a Semitic-influenced Greek plural for the single Sabbath day), whereas the Peshitta ܒܫܒܐ renders the underlying Aramaic singular directly, reflecting the native idiom rather than the Grecised plural form.

Greek ἐδίδασκεν and Latin docebat are simple imperfects expressing durative past teaching. The Peshitta achieves the same continuous aspect periphrastically with the active participle ܡܠܦ plus the auxiliary ܗܘܐ ('was teaching'), a standard Syriac means of expressing past progressive action.

The Vulgate supplies an explicit accusative object eos ('them'), making the audience overt. Neither the Greek ἐδίδασκεν nor the Peshitta ܡܠܦ ܗܘܐ expresses a direct object here; the addition is a Latin clarifying expansion.