Mark 11:30 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ

Peshitta ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܗ

Vulgate Baptismus

Greek employs an articular construction with the noun preceded and followed by the article (τὸ βάπτισμα τὸ Ἰωάννου); both Syriac ܡܥܡܘܕܝܬܗ ('his baptism') and Latin Baptismus collapse this into a single noun, the Syriac anticipating the genitive with a proleptic possessive suffix resolved by the following ܕܝܘܚܢܢ.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ἐξ οὐρανοῦ

Peshitta ܡܢ ܐܝܡܟܐ ܗܝ ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ

Vulgate de cælo

Greek and Latin render simply 'from heaven' (ἐξ οὐρανοῦ / de cælo); the Syriac expands with an interrogative adverb ܡܢ ܐܝܡܟܐ ܗܝ ('from where is it?') as a rhetorical anticipation before answering ܡܢ ܫܡܝܐ ('from heaven'), a Syriac stylistic doubling that frames the disjunctive question.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ἦν

Peshitta ܗܝ

Vulgate erat

The copula ἦν ('was it') stands after the prepositional phrase in Greek and Latin (erat); in the Syriac the enclitic pronoun ܗܝ functions as the predicative copula and is fronted within the interrogative clause, reflecting differing placement of the verb 'to be'.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

idiom All three attest

Greek NT ἐξ ἀνθρώπων;

Peshitta ܡܢ ܒܢܝ ܐܢܫܐ

Vulgate ex hominibus

Greek ἐξ ἀνθρώπων and Latin ex hominibus use a simple plural noun ('from men'); the Syriac employs the Semitic construct idiom ܡܢ ܒܢܝ ܐܢܫܐ ('from the sons of men'), the characteristic periphrasis for humankind.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

punctuation Two witnesses

Greek NT ἀνθρώπων;

Vulgate Respondete

The interrogative is marked by the question mark appended to ἀνθρώπων; in Greek and rendered as a separate punctuation token in the Vulgate (?); the Peshitta marks interrogation lexically rather than by punctuation, so no discrete sign is transmitted.

Mark 11 : 30

Critical apparatus