Mark 12 : 20

Greek uses simple imperfect ἦσαν ('were'); Peshitta employs the periphrastic construction ܐܝܬ ܗܘܘ (existential particle + hwā); Vulgate uses imperfect erant. All three express past existence, but Syriac prefers the analytic construction typical of its verbal system.

The Vulgate inserts the inferential conjunction ergo ('therefore'), connecting this verse to the preceding Sadducean question about resurrection. Neither the Greek NA28 nor the Peshitta attest this logical connective here.

Greek uses conjunction καὶ + present participle ἀποθνῄσκων ('and dying'); Peshitta employs the simple perfect ܘܡܝܬ ('and he died'); Vulgate uses conjunction et + perfect passive participle mortuus est. The Greek participle suggests contemporaneous or circumstantial action, while Peshitta and Vulgate treat death as a completed sequential event.

Greek uses negated finite verb οὐκ ἀφῆκεν ('he did not leave'); Peshitta mirrors this with ܘܠܐ ܫܒܩ; Vulgate employs the ablative absolute construction non relicto semine ('seed not having been left'), a characteristically Latin participial absolute expressing attendant circumstance rather than finite negation.