Mark 3 : 4

Greek καὶ ('and') is rendered by Peshitta ܕܝܢ ܐܦ ('but also'), which adds mild adversative force and emphasis. The Vulgate Et mirrors the Greek conjunction straightforwardly.

The Vulgate inserts a colon after eis to mark direct discourse, whereas Greek uses a raised dot (·) and Peshitta employs no explicit punctuation marker at this juncture.

Greek uses the article + dative plural τοῖς σάββασιν ('on the Sabbaths'), while Peshitta ܒܫܒܬܐ and Vulgate sabbatis employ the bare dative/locative without article, a standard Semitic and Latin idiom for temporal expressions.

Greek ἀγαθὸν ποιῆσαι ('to do good') uses adjective + infinitive; Peshitta ܠܡܥܒܕ ܕܛܒ employs infinitive + relative particle ܕ + adjective; Vulgate benefacere collapses the phrase into a single compound infinitive.

Greek κακοποιῆσαι is a single compound infinitive ('to do evil'); Peshitta ܕܒܝܫ uses the relative particle ܕ + adjective construction parallel to the preceding clause; Vulgate male is an adverb requiring ellipsis of facere from context, creating a more compressed interrogative structure.

The Vulgate inserts an interrogative question mark after male, segmenting the double question into two distinct clauses, whereas Greek and Peshitta treat the entire verse as a single compound interrogative.

Greek σῶσαι is a simple infinitive ('to save'); Peshitta ܠܡܚܝܘ mirrors this with the infinitive; Vulgate salvam facere uses adjective + infinitive periphrasis ('to make safe'), a Latin idiom for the same semantic content.

Greek ἀποκτεῖναι ends with a semicolon, Peshitta ܠܡܘܒܕܘ has no explicit punctuation, and Vulgate perdere is followed by an interrogative question mark, reinforcing the segmented double-question structure introduced earlier in the Vulgate tradition.

Greek οἱ δὲ uses the article + adversative particle ('but they'); Peshitta ܗܢܘܢ ܕܝܢ employs the demonstrative pronoun + particle ('those, however'); Vulgate At illi uses the adversative conjunction + pronoun. All three convey the same adversative transition but with different syntactic strategies.

Greek ἐσιώπων is an imperfect active indicative ('they were being silent'); Peshitta ܫܬܝܩܝܢ ܗܘܘ uses the participle + auxiliary verb construction (periphrastic imperfect); Vulgate tacebant is a simple imperfect. All three express durative past action, but through different morphological means.