Mark 4:6 — Greek / Peshitta / Vulgate aligned

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

substitution All three attest

Greek NT καὶ ὅτε

Peshitta ܟܕ

Vulgate et quando

Greek uses καὶ ὅτε ('and when') with two conjunctions; Peshitta employs the single temporal particle ܟܕ (kad, 'when'); Vulgate mirrors Greek structure with et quando. The Peshitta's economy is typical of Syriac temporal constructions.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT ἀνέτειλεν ὁ ἥλιος

Peshitta ܕܢܚ ܕܝܢ ܫܡܫܐ

Vulgate exortus est sol

Greek places the article before the noun (ὁ ἥλιος); Vulgate follows with exortus est sol (verb-subject order); Peshitta inserts the discourse particle ܕܝܢ (dēn, 'but/now') between verb and subject (ܕܢܚ ܕܝܢ ܫܡܫܐ), a characteristic Syriac narrative marker absent from the Greek and Latin.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

punctuation Vulgate only

Vulgate et

The Vulgate inserts a colon after exæstuavit, creating a stronger syntactic break between the scorching and the withering clauses. Neither Greek nor Peshitta manuscripts attest comparable punctuation at this juncture.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT καὶ διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ῥίζαν

Peshitta ܘܡܛܠ ܕܠܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܥܩܪܐ

Vulgate eo quod non habebat radicem exaruit

Greek employs an articular infinitive construction (διὰ τὸ μὴ ἔχειν ῥίζαν, 'because of not having root'); Vulgate renders this with a finite causal clause (eo quod non habebat radicem); Peshitta uses ܘܡܛܠ ܕܠܝܬ ܗܘܐ ܠܗ ܥܩܪܐ ('and because there was not to it root'), employing the existential negative ܠܝܬ with a pronominal suffix ܠܗ ('to it') as an explicit dative of possession, which is implicit in the Greek infinitive.

Mark 4 : 6

Critical apparatus