Mark 7 : 15

Greek uses the neuter singular οὐδέν ἐστιν ('nothing is'); Peshitta employs the negative existential ܠܝܬ ܡܕܡ ('there is not anything'), a standard Syriac idiom; Vulgate mirrors Greek with Nihil est. All three convey identical semantics through language-specific negation strategies.

Greek uses the present participle εἰσπορευόμενον εἰς αὐτόν ('entering into him'); Peshitta employs a relative clause with active participle ܗܘ ܘܥܐܠ ܠܗ ('it and entering to him'), adding the pronoun ܗܘ for emphasis; Vulgate uses the present participle introiens in eum. The Peshitta's addition of the independent pronoun is a typical Semitic construction for emphasis or clarity.

Greek ὃ δύναται κοινῶσαι αὐτόν ('which is able to defile him') uses a relative pronoun with infinitive construction; Peshitta ܕܡܫܟܚ ܡܣܝܒ ܠܗ ('that is able to defile him') employs a ܕ-relative with active participle; Vulgate quod possit eum coinquinare uses subjunctive mood in the relative clause. All three express potential action, but through different grammatical strategies (infinitive vs. participle vs. subjunctive).

Greek τὰ ἐκ τοῦ ἀνθρώπου ἐκπορευόμενά ἀπ᾽ αὐτοῦ ('the things proceeding out of the man from him') uses double prepositional phrases (ἐκ + ἀπό) with article and participle; Peshitta ܡܕܡ ܕܢܦܩ ܡܢܗ ('anything that goes out from him') employs a simpler relative construction with single preposition; Vulgate quæ de homine procedunt ('which from man proceed') uses a single prepositional phrase. The Greek construction is more elaborate, possibly for rhetorical emphasis.

Greek ἐκεῖνά ἐστιν ('those are') uses the demonstrative pronoun ἐκεῖνα in emphatic position; Peshitta ܗܘ ܗܘ ('it is it') employs a doubled pronoun construction for emphasis, a characteristic Syriac idiom; Vulgate illa sunt uses the demonstrative illa. The Peshitta's pronoun doubling intensifies the demonstrative force beyond the Greek and Latin.

Greek τὰ κοινοῦντα τὸν ἄνθρωπον ('the things defiling the man') uses article + present participle + article + accusative object; Peshitta ܡܣܝܒ ܠܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ ('defiling to the son of man') uses active participle with ܠܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ (idiomatic for 'man'); Vulgate quæ communicant hominem ('which defile man') uses relative pronoun + finite verb. The Peshitta's ܠܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ is a Semitic idiom equivalent to Greek ἄνθρωπος.