Mark 10:19 — 希腊文 / 别西大 / 武加大对齐

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gloss All three attest

Greek NT οἶδας·

Peshitta ܝܕܥ ܐܢܬ

Vulgate nosti

The Peshitta adds the explicit subject pronoun ܐܢܬ ('you'), a common Syriac clarification where Greek and Latin rely on verbal inflection alone to convey the second-person singular.

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punctuation Vulgate only

Vulgate ne

The Vulgate inserts a colon after 'nosti' to mark the transition from statement to commandment list, a punctuation convention absent in Greek and Syriac manuscript traditions.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT μὴ φονεύσῃς

Peshitta ܠܐ ܬܩܛܘܠ

Vulgate occidas ne

Greek lists 'do not murder' first (μὴ φονεύσῃς), following the Decalogue order in Exodus 20:13 LXX. The Peshitta and Vulgate both place 'do not commit adultery' first, then 'do not kill' (ܠܐ ܬܩܛܘܠ / ne occidas), reflecting the Hebrew Masoretic Text order and Western manuscript traditions that prioritize sexual ethics.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT μὴ μοιχεύσῃς

Peshitta ܠܐ ܬܓܢܘܒ

Vulgate adulteres ne

Greek places 'do not commit adultery' second (μὴ μοιχεύσῃς), whereas the Vulgate places it first (ne adulteres) and the Peshitta places it second but before murder (ܠܐ ܬܓܢܘܒ). This reflects divergent manuscript traditions regarding the sequence of the sixth and seventh commandments.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT μὴ κλέψῃς

Peshitta ܠܐ ܬܓܘܪ

Vulgate fureris ne

Greek places 'do not steal' third (μὴ κλέψῃς), the Peshitta places it first (ܠܐ ܬܓܘܪ), and the Vulgate places it third (ne fureris). The Peshitta's fronting of theft may reflect a tradition emphasizing economic justice or harmonization with a different Decalogue recension.

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expansion All three attest

Greek NT μὴ ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς

Peshitta ܘܠܐ ܬܣܗܕ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܕܓܠܬܐ

Vulgate falsum testimonium dixeris ne

Greek uses the compound verb ψευδομαρτυρήσῃς ('bear false witness') as a single lexeme. The Peshitta expands this into a verb + direct object construction (ܬܣܗܕ ܣܗܕܘܬܐ ܕܓܠܬܐ, 'testify testimony of falsehood'), and the Vulgate similarly employs a periphrastic construction (falsum testimonium dixeris, 'speak false testimony'), both making the semantic components explicit.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT μὴ ἀποστερήσῃς

Peshitta ܠܐ ܬܛܠܘܡ

Vulgate fraudem feceris honora

Greek uses the single verb ἀποστερήσῃς ('defraud'). The Peshitta mirrors this with ܬܛܠܘܡ (a single verb for 'oppress/defraud'). The Vulgate expands to a verb + object construction (fraudem feceris, 'commit fraud'), making the nominal object explicit where Greek and Syriac embed it in the verbal semantics.

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construction All three attest

Greek NT τίμα τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα

Peshitta ܝܩܪ ܠܐܒܘܟ ܘܠܐܡܟ

Vulgate patrem tuum et matrem

Greek employs articles with both 'father' and 'mother' (τὸν πατέρα σου καὶ τὴν μητέρα), a standard Greek construction. The Peshitta uses pronominal suffixes on both nouns (ܠܐܒܘܟ ܘܠܐܡܟ, 'to-your-father and-to-your-mother'), typical Semitic possessive marking. The Vulgate follows Greek syntax (patrem tuum et matrem) but without articles, as Latin lacks them, resulting in a structurally parallel but morphologically distinct rendering.

Mark 10 : 19

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