Mark 12 : 3

EN They took him, beat him, and sent him away empty.

ES Mas ellos, tomándole, le hirieron, y le enviaron vacío.

ZH-HANS 园户拿住他，打了他，叫他空手回去。

ZH-HANT 園戶拿住他，打了他，叫他空手回去。

批判性批注

4 处异文 · 3 处见证

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT οἱ

Peshitta ܗܢܘܢ

Vulgate Qui

Greek uses the substantivised article οἱ ('they/the ones'), Syriac the independent demonstrative pronoun ܗܢܘܢ, and the Vulgate a relative pronoun Qui that subordinates the entire clause. All three resume the subject of the preceding verse but through distinct syntactic means.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

grammar Two witnesses

Greek NT καὶ

Peshitta ܕܝܢ

Greek connective καί here functions adversatively ('but'), matched by the Syriac postpositive particle ܕܝܢ. The Vulgate carries no separate adversative particle, the relative Qui already supplying the connection.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT λαβόντες αὐτὸν

Peshitta ܡܚܐܘܗܝ

Vulgate apprehensum eum

Greek expresses 'having taken him' with an aorist participle plus accusative pronoun (λαβόντες αὐτόν), and the Vulgate parallels this with the perfect passive participle apprehensum eum. Syriac lacks any equivalent of 'taking', folding the action directly into the finite verb ܡܚܐܘܗܝ with a suffixed object pronoun.

𝔊 grk ℙ syr 𝔙 vul

construction All three attest

Greek NT κενόν

Peshitta ܟܕ ܣܦܝܩ

Vulgate vacuum

Greek κενόν and Latin vacuum render 'empty(-handed)' as a single predicate adjective, while Syriac introduces a circumstantial clause headed by ܟܕ ('while/being') plus ܣܦܝܩ ('empty'). The Syriac is semantically equivalent but syntactically a state-of-being subclause rather than a bare predicative.