Mark 15 : 19

Greek imperfect ἔτυπτον ('they kept striking') is rendered periphrastically in Syriac with the participle ܡܚܝܢ plus the auxiliary ܗܘܘ, the standard Syriac construction for durative/iterative past action. The Vulgate captures the same iterative sense with the imperfect percutiebant.

Greek expresses the object with article + accusative noun + possessive genitive (τὴν κεφαλὴν αὐτοῦ); Syriac adds the preposition ܥܠ ('upon his head') governing the striking, an idiomatic recasting, while Latin uses bare accusative caput + postposed genitive ejus. The Syriac suffix on ܪܫܗ subsumes the pronoun rather than using a separate token.

The Syriac inserts the dative-marked pronoun ܠܗ ('to/at him') as the indirect object of the striking, a feature absent from both the Greek and Latin which leave the recipient unexpressed beyond the accusative 'head'.

The Vulgate introduces a colon after arundine, a punctuation choice marking off the first abuse-clause from the spitting; neither the Greek nor the Syriac transmit any equivalent dividing mark here.

As with the verb of striking, the Greek imperfect ἐνέπτυον is rendered in Syriac periphrastically (ܪܩܝܢ ܗܘܘ), participle plus auxiliary, conveying ongoing action; Latin conspuebant matches the durative imperfect.

Greek and Latin use a simple dative/accusative pronoun (αὐτῷ / eum) for the one spat upon, whereas Syriac specifies ܒܐܦܘܗܝ ('in/on his face'), an explicating expansion making the indignity concrete rather than leaving the target merely as 'on him'.