Mark 15 : 41

The Greek opens with the feminine plural relative pronoun αἳ ('who'), picked up by Syriac ܗܢܝܢ, a feminine plural demonstrative/relative. The Vulgate lacks an explicit relative pronoun here, opening simply with et … cum, subordinating the clause differently.

Greek καί links the relative clause ('who also'); the Vulgate renders the connective with et at the head of the verse, while the Peshitta absorbs the conjunctive force into the compound ܕܟܕ.

Greek ἦν and Latin esset are finite imperfect/subjunctive verbs ('he was'); Syriac uses the bare pronoun ܗܘ ('he [was]') with the copula implied, the verbal sense being supplied by the following participial construction — a typical Syriac nominal-clause idiom.

Greek διηκόνουν (imperfect indicative) and Latin ministrabant are finite forms; the Syriac ܘܡܫܡܫܢ is again a participle, with the conjunction prefixed, continuing the periphrastic durative pattern of the verse.

Greek uses the article αἱ to substantivise the following participle ('those who came up'); the Vulgate renders this with an explicit relative pronoun quæ, while the Syriac marks the relation by the proclitic ܕ- prefixed on ܕܣܠܩ rather than a separate word.

Greek συναναβᾶσαι is a single aorist participle compounding 'up' and 'with'; the Vulgate splits the sense into simul ('together') and the finite ascenderant, while the Syriac uses the relative-marked verb ܕܣܠܩ with auxiliary ܗܘܝ, distributing the one Greek lexeme across multiple words in each version.

Greek αὐτῷ is a bare dative of accompaniment ('with him'); the Vulgate makes the comitative explicit with cum eo, and the Syriac uses the prepositional suffix form ܥܡܗ ('with him'), each clarifying the association left implicit by the Greek dative.