Mark 3 : 13

All three open with the coordinating conjunction (καί / ܘ- / Et), but in the Peshitta the conjunction is proclitically fused to the verb ܘܣܠܩ, whereas Greek and Latin write it as a discrete word.

Greek uses a finite present indicative ἀναβαίνει ('he goes up'), the Peshitta a finite perfect ܣܠܩ embedded in the same fused form, while the Vulgate renders the action as a present participle ascendens ('going up') subordinated to the main verb vocavit. The Latin thus recasts the Greek paratactic sequence into a participial construction.

Greek εἰς τὸ ὄρος and Latin in montem use an explicit preposition plus an articulated/accusative noun; the Peshitta ܠܛܘܪܐ collapses preposition, article, and noun into a single prefixed form with the directional lamadh, a characteristic Syriac economy.

Greek προσκαλεῖται (middle voice, 'summons to himself') inherently encodes the reflexive direction, and the Peshitta ܩܪܐ ('called') likewise carries it implicitly; the Vulgate makes the direction explicit with the prepositional phrase ad se ('to himself') accompanying vocavit.

Greek ἤθελεν is imperfect ('he was wanting/willing'), conveying durative volition, whereas the Peshitta ܕܨܒܐ and Latin voluit render it with a simple perfect/preterite, flattening the aspectual nuance of continuous desire into a single completed act.

Greek adds the emphatic intensive pronoun αὐτός ('he himself'), matched by Latin ipse, underscoring Jesus' own initiative; the Peshitta has no corresponding intensive pronoun, the subject being carried solely by the verb's morphology.

The third καί introducing the disciples' response is written as a discrete word in Greek and Latin (et) but fused proclitically to the verb ܘܐܬܘ in the Peshitta, consistent with Syriac orthographic practice.

Greek πρὸς αὐτόν and Latin ad eum use a preposition plus accusative pronoun; the Peshitta ܠܘܬܗ expresses the same 'to him' with the relational particle l-wāt plus a suffixed pronoun, a single synthetic form rather than two words.

The Greek paragraph mark (¶) following αὐτόν and the Vulgate colon preceding et venerunt are editorial punctuation; the Greek mark closes a discourse unit while the Latin colon links the two clauses, reflecting differing editorial segmentation rather than textual divergence.