Mark 3 : 33

Greek uses an aorist participle (ἀποκριθεὶς) with a finite verb (λέγει), a Semitic pleonasm common in the Gospels. Peshitta employs two coordinate finite verbs (ܘܥܢܐ ܘܐܡܪ, 'and he answered and said'), mirroring the Greek construction idiomatically. Vulgate uses a single participle (respondens) with finite verb (ait), condensing the expression into classical Latin style.

Greek λέγει includes a raised dot (·) as punctuation within the token. Vulgate separates the verb (ait) from the colon (:) as distinct tokens, reflecting Latin manuscript punctuation conventions. Peshitta integrates the verb ܘܐܡܪ without separate punctuation marking.

Greek employs the interrogative pronoun τίς with copula ἐστιν and definite article ἡ before μήτηρ ('Who is the mother'), following standard Greek word order. Peshitta uses ܡܢ ܗܝ ܐܡܝ ('Who [is] she, my mother'), placing the pronoun ܗܝ before the noun and omitting an explicit copula (typical Semitic nominal sentence structure). Vulgate Quæ est mater mea mirrors Greek syntax with interrogative-copula-noun order but uses the feminine interrogative Quæ.

Greek repeats the interrogative structure with article οἱ and noun ἀδελφοί μου ('the brothers of mine'), maintaining parallelism with the first clause. Peshitta uses ܘܡܢ ܐܢܘܢ ܐܚܝ ('and who [are] they, my brothers'), repeating the interrogative ܡܢ and employing the independent pronoun ܐܢܘܢ ('they') for emphasis, a typical Semitic construction. Vulgate condenses to fratres mei without repeating the interrogative or copula, relying on the coordinating conjunction to carry the question forward.