Mark 3 : 5

The Syriac ܘܚܪ (root w-kh-r) conflates the conjunction and the participle 'having looked around', whereas Greek περιβλεψάμενος (an aorist middle participle, 'looking around upon') and Latin circumspiciens preserve a distinct verb. The single Syriac verb is semantically equivalent but morphologically more compact.

Greek μετ᾽ ὀργῆς and Latin cum ira render 'with anger' as preposition + noun, while Syriac ܒܚܡܬܐ employs a single prefixed-preposition noun (b- + ḥemtā). The Syriac noun ܚܡܬܐ carries connotations of heat/fury, slightly intensifying the Greek ὀργή.

Greek συλλυπούμενος (present middle/passive participle, 'being grieved together/deeply') is rendered by Syriac as a temporal clause ܟܕ ܟܪܝܐ ܠܗ ('while it grieved him', with ethical dative ܠܗ), and by Latin as the participle contristatus. The Syriac periphrasis with k-r-y emphasises inner sorrow over the construction itself.

Greek τῇ πωρώσει τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν ('the hardening of their heart') uses πώρωσις, a medical term for calcification/petrification; Latin renders this with cæcitate ('blindness'), a substitution that softens the metaphor toward dullness of perception. Syriac ܩܫܝܘܬ ܠܒܗܘܢ (q-sh-w, 'hardness of their heart') faithfully matches the Greek hardening image rather than the Latin blindness.

Greek τὴν χεῖρά σου and Latin manum tuam express 'your hand' with a separate possessive, whereas Syriac ܐܝܕܟ encodes the second-person possessive as a pronominal suffix on the noun, a standard Semitic synthetic construction. No semantic difference results.

Greek ἐξέτεινεν and Latin extendit ('he stretched it out') are bare verbs, but Syriac ܘܦܫܛ fuses the connective ܘ ('and') with the verb p-sh-T. The Syriac and Greek/Latin agree in sense; the conjunction here overlaps with the following clause-initial conjunction.

Greek καὶ and Latin et present the connective as a separate token, whereas Syriac prefixes ܘ to the verb ܘܬܩܢܬ. This is purely orthographic/morphological, not a substantive divergence.

Greek ἀπεκατεστάθη (aorist passive of ἀποκαθίστημι, 'was restored to its former state') and Latin restituta est (perfect passive periphrasis) both convey full restoration. Syriac ܘܬܩܢܬ (th-q-n, 'was set right/made sound') is a near-synonymous middle/passive but lacks the prefix nuance of 'back to former state' carried by the Greek compound.

Greek ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ('his hand', article + noun + genitive pronoun) and Latin manus (without explicit possessive) correspond to Syriac ܐܝܕܗ, which again encodes the possessive as a suffix. The Latin omits an explicit pronoun for the hand, relying on illi below.

Greek closes with ὑγιὴς ὡς ἡ ἄλλη ('sound as the other'), a comparative clause likely harmonised toward the parallel in Matt 12:13. Latin reads only illi ('to him'), omitting the comparison entirely, while the Syriac likewise lacks the clause, indicating the longer Greek reading is a later expansion.

The Vulgate inserts a colon punctuation mark introducing direct speech, a scribal/editorial feature of the Clementine edition absent from the unpointed Greek and Syriac witnesses.