Mark 12 : 29

The postpositive Greek δέ and Latin autem both occupy second position in their clauses; the Peshitta omits any adversative connective here, opening directly with the verb of speaking — a frequent Syriac stylistic simplification of Greek discourse particles.

Greek supplies the definite article (ὁ Ἰησοῦς) per its usual treatment of proper names; Latin and Syriac, lacking such an article in this context, give the bare name, with the Vulgate fronting Jesus for emphasis ahead of the connective.

Greek ὅτι and Latin Quia introduce the reported speech as a recitative complementiser; the Peshitta has no equivalent particle, beginning the quoted answer directly, which is idiomatic for Syriac direct discourse.

The Clementine Vulgate inserts a colon to mark the boundary of direct speech; no corresponding token exists in the Greek or Syriac textual stream, this being purely an editorial punctuation feature.

Greek ἐστίν and Latin est explicitly express the copula 'is'; the Peshitta omits any verb here, relying on the nominal-clause syntax characteristic of Syriac, in which the predication 'first of all commandments' stands without an expressed copula.

Greek and Syriac use the plural ('of all the commandments', ἐντολῶν / ܦܘܩܕܢܐ), whereas the Vulgate reads the singular mandatum ('commandment'), construing primum omnium mandatum as 'the first commandment of all' rather than 'first of all the commandments'.

A second editorial colon in the Vulgate marks the transition into the Shema citation; this punctuation has no counterpart token in the Greek or Syriac witnesses.

Greek renders 'the Lord our God' with article, noun, and genitive pronoun (ὁ θεὸς ἡμῶν) and Latin with Deus tuus ('your God'), whereas the Peshitta fuses noun and possessive into the single suffixed form ܐܠܗܢ ('our God'); note further that Greek/Syriac read the first-person plural 'our' against the Vulgate's second-person singular tuus, reflecting a divergence in the Shema pronoun tradition.

Greek ἐστιν and Latin est supply a finite copula ('is one'), while the Peshitta employs the enclitic pronoun ܗܘ as the predicative element of a nominal clause ('one [he] is'), the standard Syriac construction for such identity statements.

The closing Vulgate colon is an editorial marker continuing the Shema citation into the following verse; it corresponds to no lexical token in the Greek or Syriac and is a feature of the Clementine punctuation system.