Mark 12 : 43

Greek uses an aorist middle participle προσκαλεσάμενος ('having summoned to himself'); the Peshitta renders with a finite verb ܘܩܪܐ ('and he called') coordinated by waw, while the Vulgate preserves the participial construction with convocans. The Syriac collapses the participle into a paratactic finite clause, a typical Semitic stylistic preference over Greek hypotaxis.

Greek τοὺς μαθητὰς αὐτοῦ and Vulgate discipulos suos both render 'his disciples' analytically with a separate possessive; Syriac ܠܬܠܡܝܕܘܗܝ encodes the article, noun, and 3ms possessive suffix in a single inflected word, a morphological compression characteristic of Syriac.

The Peshitta supplies the explicit subject ܝܫܘܥ ('Jesus') as the agent of the calling and speaking, whereas the Greek and Vulgate leave the subject implicit in the verb. This is a common Syriac clarifying expansion to disambiguate the actor.

Greek εἶπεν (aorist) and Vulgate ait both stand as finite verbs of speaking; the Peshitta ܘܐܡܪ adds a coordinating waw, continuing the paratactic chain begun with ܘܩܪܐ rather than subordinating the second action.

Greek λέγω ὑμῖν and Vulgate dico vobis express the subject pronominally within the finite verb; Syriac ܐܡܪ ܐܢܐ ܠܟܘܢ uses the enclitic pronoun ܐܢܐ as an explicit subject marker after the participle, a standard Syriac periphrastic present construction.

Greek πάντων and Vulgate omnibus render the comparison 'than all' with a single masculine/neuter plural; Syriac expands to ܡܢ ܟܠܗܘܢ ܐܢܫܐ ('than all the people/men'), supplying an explicit substantive ܐܢܫܐ where the Greek and Latin leave the noun unexpressed. This is a clarifying Syriac expansion specifying the comparison class.

Greek τῶν βαλλόντων uses an articular present participle in the genitive ('of those casting'); the Vulgate renders with a relative clause qui miserunt, and Syriac ܕܪܡܝܢ uses a proclitic relative dalath plus participle. The three traditions express the same partitive idea through three distinct syntactic constructions: Greek substantival participle, Latin relative clause, Syriac relative-marked participle.