Mark 12 : 5

Greek and Latin coordinate with the bare conjunction καὶ / Et plus a separate verb; the Peshitta fuses conjunction and verb into ܘܫܕܪ ('and-he-sent'), so this single Syriac token already encodes the verb that Greek (idx 3) and Latin (idx 3) place later. The alignment is offset accordingly.

All three attest the aorist 'he sent' (ἀπέστειλεν / misit), but the Peshitta defers the explicit verb ܫܕܪ to the end of its clause (idx 9), having already signalled the action in the fused ܘܫܕܪ at the opening; this resumptive repetition is a Syriac stylistic feature with no Greek or Latin counterpart in position.

Greek compresses the emphatic 'and that one too' into a single crasis form κἀκεῖνον; the Peshitta expands it into ܐܦ ܠܗܘ ('also to-that-one'), and the Latin into et illum. The added Syriac particle ܐܦ ('also/even') matches the intensive force already carried by the Greek crasis.

The Clementine Vulgate inserts a colon here, segmenting the verse into discrete clauses; neither the Greek nor the Syriac transmit punctuation at this point, and the division is editorial.

The connective καὶ / et ('and also') introduces the new object; the Peshitta attaches its conjunction and the dative marker to the noun in ܘܠܣܓܝܐܐ ('and to-many'), folding the prepositional object-marking into the same token cluster.

The Peshitta supplies an explicit noun ܥܒܕܐ ('servants') as the head of 'many others', making overt the antecedent that Greek and Latin leave implicit in the substantival adjective πολλοὺς ἄλλους / plures alios; this is an interpretive expansion clarifying who was sent and killed.

Greek uses the relative-plus-particle distributive construction οὓς μὲν ('some on the one hand'); Latin renders with the indefinite quosdam; the Peshitta employs the partitive ܘܡܢܗܘܢ ('and some of them'). All three express the same distributive sense through divergent syntactic means.

Greek δέροντες (from δέρω, 'to flay/beat severely') and the Syriac ܡܚܘ (root m-kh-w, 'to strike/smite') are rendered by Latin cædentes ('beating'); the Syriac uses a finite verb where Greek and Latin use a present participle, and the lexical force of δέρω ('flay') is somewhat stronger than the more general Syriac and Latin verbs.

The second member of the distributive: Greek οὓς δέ, Syriac ܡܢܗܘܢ ܕܝܢ ('but some of them'), and Latin alios vero ('but others'). Each tradition pairs an adversative particle (δέ / ܕܝܢ / vero) with the object, matching constructions across the three witnesses.

Greek and Latin close with the present participle ἀποκτέννοντες / occidentes, maintaining parallel participial syntax with the preceding 'beating'; the Peshitta uses the finite perfect ܩܛܠܘ ('they killed'), the same root q-T-l as in idx 5, preferring coordinated finite verbs over the Greek participial chain.