Mark 14 : 72

Greek καί and Latin Et are simple coordinating conjunctions, whereas the Peshitta ܘܒܗ combines the conjunction with a resumptive pronoun ('and at it/that [moment]'), anticipating the temporal noun ܒܫܥܬܐ in the next token and producing a fuller adverbial phrase.

Greek εὐθύς and Latin statim are adverbs meaning 'immediately'; the Peshitta renders the sense with the noun phrase ܒܫܥܬܐ ('in [that] hour/moment'), a typical Syriac periphrasis for instantaneity rather than a single adverb.

Greek ἐκ δευτέρου ('for the second time') and Latin iterum ('again') express recurrence compactly, while the Peshitta uses the explicit cardinal-plus-noun phrase ܕܬܪܬܝܢ ܙܒܢܝܢ ('of two times'), spelling out the count in line with Markan emphasis on the cock crowing twice.

All three attest the verb 'crowed/sounded' (φωνέω / q-r-a / cantavit), but the Peshitta places the verb ܩܪܐ before its subject ܬܪܢܓܠܐ (VS order), whereas Greek and Latin position the verb after the subject.

Greek (with article ὁ Πέτρος) and Latin name the apostle by his Greek surname Peter; the Peshitta retains the Semitic personal name ܫܡܥܘܢ (Simon), reflecting the Syriac tradition's preference for the original name over the Greek epithet.

The Greek comparative particle ὡς ('how/as') introducing the recalled saying has no counterpart in either the Peshitta or the Vulgate, both of which proceed directly with a relative pronoun; ὡς is text-critically unstable here and is absent from several Greek witnesses.

Greek εἶπεν (aorist) and Latin dixerat (pluperfect) render the verb of speaking with a single finite form; the Peshitta uses the periphrastic ܐܡܪ ܗܘܐ (perfect plus the auxiliary ܗܘܐ), the standard Syriac construction for past-anterior/durative reference matching the Latin pluperfect.

Greek introduces the quoted saying with the recitative conjunction ὅτι (functioning as quotation marks); the Vulgate marks the same boundary with a colon, while the Peshitta has no overt complementiser at this point and moves directly into the prophecy.

Greek uses an accusative-plus-infinitive (ἀλέκτορα φωνῆσαι) and Latin a subjunctive clause (gallus cantet), whereas the Peshitta employs a finite subordinate clause ܕܢܩܪܐ ܬܪܢܓܠܐ ('that the cock should crow'); the three represent equivalent renderings of the temporal 'before the cock crows' through differing syntactic strategies.

Greek δίς and Latin bis express 'twice' with a single adverb, while the Peshitta again resolves the numeral into the analytic phrase ܬܪܬܝܢ ܙܒܢܝܢ ('two times'), consistent with its earlier handling of the count.

The notoriously difficult Greek participle ἐπιβαλών ('having flung himself down' or 'having begun', a long-standing crux) is replaced in both the Peshitta (ܘܫܪܝ, 'and he began') and the Vulgate (cœpit, 'he began') with an unambiguous inceptive verb, indicating both versions read or interpreted the Greek as denoting the onset of weeping rather than a physical gesture.

Greek ἔκλαιεν is a finite imperfect ('he was weeping'); the Peshitta ܕܢܒܟܐ and Latin flere are subordinate/infinitival complements ('to weep') governed by the preceding inceptive verb, a syntactic consequence of the 'began' reading shared by both versions.