Mark 15 : 39

Greek uses an aorist participle (ἰδών, 'having seen'); the Peshitta resolves this into a temporal subordinate clause with ܟܕ ('when') plus the verb ܚܙܐ, while the Vulgate retains the participial construction (Videns). The difference is purely syntactic, all three conveying the same circumstantial sense.

Greek expresses 'the one standing' with article + perfect participle (ὁ παρεστηκώς); Syriac uses a relative ܕܩܐܡ with auxiliary ܗܘܐ to render the durative/periphrastic past; Latin employs a finite relative clause (qui ... stabat). All denote the centurion's posture during the event.

Greek ἐξ ἐναντίας αὐτοῦ ('opposite him') is rendered by the single Syriac prepositional form ܠܘܬܗ ('toward/beside him'), which softens the explicitly confrontational 'over against' nuance preserved by Latin ex adverso.

Greek ἐξέπνευσεν ('breathed out [his last]') and Latin expirasset preserve the literal 'breath' imagery; the Peshitta substitutes ܫܠܡ (root sh-l-m, 'he completed/was finished'), an idiomatic Syriac euphemism for death emphasising completion rather than expiration.

Greek and Latin place the copula at clause-final position (ἦν / erat) following the predicate 'Son of God'; Syriac inserts the verb ܗܘܐ medially between ܒܪܗ and ܕܐܠܗܐ, reflecting normal Syriac word order while preserving the imperfect/past sense.