Mark 12 : 21

Greek uses conjunction + aorist verb (καὶ ἀπέθανεν); Peshitta employs simple waw-consecutive perfect (ܘܡܝܬ); Vulgate expands with conjunction + perfect passive participle + auxiliary (et mortuus est). The Vulgate's analytic construction reflects Latin's preference for compound verb forms where Greek and Syriac use synthetic morphology.

Vulgate inserts a colon after mortuus est, creating a stronger pause before the negative clause. Greek uses simple conjunction καί; Peshitta has no equivalent punctuation marker, flowing directly into the temporal clause with ܟܕ.

Greek employs negative participle with emphatic pronoun (μὴ αὐτὸς καταλιπών, 'not he himself having left'); Peshitta uses temporal clause with double negation and independent pronoun (ܟܕ ܐܦ ܠܐ ܗܘ ܫܒܩ, 'when also not he left'); Vulgate mirrors Greek structure with negative conjunction + demonstrative + participle (nec iste reliquit). The Peshitta's ܐܦ ('also/even') intensifies the negation beyond what Greek or Latin express, suggesting emphatic rhetorical force.

Greek uses conjunction + article + ordinal (καὶ ὁ τρίτος); Peshitta employs prefixed conjunction-relative (ܘܕܬܠܬܐ); Vulgate uses conjunction + bare ordinal (Et tertius). Identical pattern to token group 0–2, reflecting consistent translation strategy across the verse.