Mark 2 : 4

Greek expresses the inability with a negated present participle (μὴ δυνάμενοι); the Vulgate renders it with a subordinate cum-clause plus subjunctive (cum non possent), and the Peshitta with a relative-conjunctive construction ܘܕܠܐ ܐܫܟܚܘ ('and because they were not able'). The three are semantically equivalent but employ distinct syntactic strategies for the circumstantial clause.

Greek and Syriac use a single dative/prepositional pronoun (αὐτῷ / ܠܘܬܗ, 'to him'); the Vulgate doubles the reference with eum illi, treating eum as the patient brought and illi as the indirect object, a fuller analytic rendering of the single Greek dative.

Greek ἀπεστέγασαν and Vulgate nudaverunt compress the act into a single verb ('they unroofed/uncovered'); the Peshitta expands narratively with ܣܠܩܘ ܠܗܘܢ ܠܐܓܪܐ ܘܐܪܝܡܘ ('they went up onto the roof and lifted off'), supplying the ascent to the roof that the Greek leaves implicit.

Greek ὅπου ἦν and Vulgate ubi erat leave the subject unexpressed ('where he was'); the Peshitta makes it explicit by naming ܝܫܘܥ ('Jesus') and adding the locative ܕܐܬܪ ('the place where'), a clarifying expansion typical of Syriac narrative style. The Vulgate also inserts a colon here, a punctuation choice marking the clause boundary.

Greek pairs καί with the aorist participle ἐξορύξαντες ('having dug through'), matched by the Vulgate's et patefacientes ('and laying open'); the Peshitta condenses to a single finite verb ܘܫܒܘܗ, fusing the digging-through and the conjunction into one act. The Latin patefacientes ('opening up') is a milder lexical choice than the Greek ἐξορύσσω ('to gouge/dig out').

The finite verb of lowering is χαλῶσιν (Greek historic present) / submiserunt (Vulgate perfect); in the Peshitta the single verb ܘܫܒܘܗ carries both the breaking-through and the letting-down sense, so its index is shared with the preceding group. The Greek vivid present is normalised to a past tense in both Latin and Syriac.