Mark 10 : 24

Greek uses imperfect middle-passive ἐθαμβοῦντο; Peshitta employs periphrastic construction ܡܬܕܡܪܝܢ ܗܘܘ (participle + auxiliary); Vulgate uses imperfect obstupescebant. All three express ongoing astonishment in past time, differing only in aspectual construction.

Greek places the article and conjunction before the subject (ὁ δὲ Ἰησοῦς); Peshitta uses conjunctive ܘ prefixed to the verb ܥܢܐ, then names ܝܫܘܥ; Vulgate employs adversative At before Jesus. Functionally equivalent transitional phrases with tradition-specific syntax.

Greek uses aorist participle ἀποκριθεὶς with finite verb λέγει (Semitic pleonastic construction); Peshitta employs simple perfect ܘܐܡܪ; Vulgate mirrors Greek with respondens ait. The Peshitta streamlines the redundant 'answering he said' idiom into a single verb.

Greek uses medial punctuation (αὐτοῖς·); Vulgate inserts colon after illis to mark direct discourse; Peshitta has no overt punctuation marker. The colon in Vulgate reflects Latin rhetorical convention for introducing speech.

Greek τέκνα (neutral 'children') versus Vulgate Filioli (diminutive 'little sons') versus Peshitta ܒܢܝ ('my sons'). The Vulgate diminutive and Peshitta possessive suffix both intensify the affectionate tone beyond the Greek vocative.

Greek uses articular perfect participle τοὺς πεποιθότας ἐπὶ τοῖς χρήμασιν (substantival, 'those having trusted in riches'); Peshitta employs relative clause ܠܐܝܠܝܢ ܕܬܟܝܠܝܢ ܥܠ ܢܟܣܝܗܘܢ; Vulgate uses present participle confidentes in pecuniis. All three express the same participial restriction, differing in syntactic realization.

Greek uses prepositional phrase εἰς τὴν βασιλείαν τοῦ θεοῦ with accusative of motion; Peshitta employs ܠܡܠܟܘܬܗ ܕܐܠܗܐ with pronominal suffix on 'kingdom' (lit. 'to his kingdom of God'); Vulgate mirrors Greek structure (in regnum Dei). The Peshitta suffix creates slight possessive emphasis absent in Greek and Latin.

Greek ends with period after infinitive εἰσελθεῖν; Vulgate adds exclamation mark (introire!) to heighten rhetorical force; Peshitta integrates the infinitive ܕܢܥܠܘܢ earlier in the clause structure (token 18) as purpose clause. The Vulgate exclamation intensifies Jesus' astonishment beyond the Greek tone.