Mark 2 : 13

The Peshitta omits the initial conjunction καί / Et, beginning the pericope asyndetically. This may reflect a Syriac stylistic preference for unmarked narrative resumption after a section break.

Greek uses the simple aorist ἐξῆλθεν; Vulgate employs a compound perfect construction (egressus est) with the participle + auxiliary, a standard Latin rendering of Greek aorist; Peshitta uses the simple perfect ܘܢܦܩ. All three convey completed past action with equivalent semantics.

Greek uses the preposition παρά with the accusative article τὴν θάλασσαν ('beside the sea'); Vulgate mirrors this with ad mare; Peshitta uses ܠܘܬ ܝܡܐ, a prepositional phrase meaning 'to/toward the sea'. The Syriac lacks the definite article, treating ܝܡܐ as a proper geographic referent (the Sea of Galilee).

Greek includes a second coordinating conjunction καί before πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος, creating a paratactic structure. Both Peshitta and Vulgate omit this conjunction, integrating the crowd's arrival more tightly with the preceding clause.

Greek employs the article-adjective-article-noun construction (πᾶς ὁ ὄχλος, 'all the crowd'); Vulgate uses omnisque turba with the enclitic -que ('and all the crowd'); Peshitta uses ܘܟܠܗ ܟܢܫܐ with the pronominal suffix on ܟܠܗ ('and all-of-it the-crowd'). The Syriac construction is idiomatic, using the suffix to mark totality.

Greek uses the imperfect ἤρχετο (singular verb with collective subject); Vulgate uses the imperfect veniebat (singular); Peshitta employs the participial construction ܐܬܝܢ ܗܘܘ (plural participle + plural auxiliary 'were coming'), treating the collective noun as grammatically plural, a typical Syriac idiom.

Greek and Vulgate use an explicit conjunction (καί / et) to coordinate the teaching clause; Peshitta omits the conjunction, using simple juxtaposition (ܘܡܠܦ ܗܘܐ follows directly), a common Syriac asyndetic narrative pattern.

Greek uses the imperfect ἐδίδασκεν; Vulgate uses the imperfect docebat; Peshitta employs the periphrastic construction ܘܡܠܦ ܗܘܐ (active participle + auxiliary 'was teaching'), functionally equivalent to the Greek and Latin imperfects but syntactically distinct.