Mark 10 : 1

Greek ἐκεῖθεν is a single adverb; Peshitta expands to ܡܢ ܬܡܢ (preposition + demonstrative adverb, 'from there'), a standard Syriac construction for source-deixis. Vulgate inde mirrors the Greek economy.

Greek uses article + plural noun + genitive (εἰς τὰ ὅρια τῆς Ἰουδαίας, 'into the regions of Judea'); Vulgate mirrors with in fines Judææ (plural 'borders'); Peshitta employs singular ܠܬܚܘܡܐ ܕܝܗܘܕ ('to the border/territory of Judea'), a typical Syriac idiom treating geographic zones as collective singulars.

Vulgate inserts a colon after Jordanem, marking a clause boundary not present in Greek or Peshitta. This reflects Latin rhetorical punctuation conventions rather than a textual variant.

Greek συμπορεύονται ('come together with', compound verb emphasizing joint movement); Vulgate conveniunt ('assemble, gather'); Peshitta ܘܐܙܠܘ ('and they went') uses a simpler verb of motion. All three convey crowds approaching Jesus, but with differing nuances of collective action.

Greek ὄχλοι ('crowds', plural nominative); Vulgate turbæ (plural nominative); Peshitta ܟܢܫܐ ܣܓܝܐܐ ('crowds many/great') adds the adjective ܣܓܝܐܐ, an interpretive expansion emphasizing the size of the gathering not present in Greek or Latin witnesses.

Greek πρὸς αὐτόν ('to him') follows the noun; Peshitta ܠܬܡܢ ܠܘܬܗ ('there to him') adds the locative adverb ܠܬܡܢ before the prepositional phrase, a Syriac stylistic preference for spatial deixis. Vulgate ad eum mirrors Greek word order.

Vulgate again inserts a colon after eum, creating a tripartite clause structure (departure : gathering : teaching) not marked in Greek or Peshitta. This reflects Latin periodic style.

Greek ὡς εἰώθει ('as he was accustomed', pluperfect); Vulgate sicut consueverat (pluperfect); Peshitta ܐܝܟ ܕܡܥܕ ܗܘܐ ('as he was accustomed', periphrastic construction with participle + ܗܘܐ) uses a compound verbal phrase typical of Syriac aspectual marking. All three express habitual past action equivalently.

Greek ἐδίδασκεν (imperfect active); Vulgate docebat (imperfect); Peshitta ܘܡܠܦ ܗܘܐ (periphrastic imperfect: participle + auxiliary ܗܘܐ) employs the standard Syriac periphrastic construction for durative past action, semantically equivalent to Greek and Latin simple imperfects.