Mark 12 : 41

Greek opens with simple coordinating καί followed by an aorist participle; the Peshitta fuses conjunction and temporal subordinator into ܘܟܕ ('and when'), while the Vulgate renders the participle (Et sedens). The Syriac thus makes explicit the temporal-circumstantial nuance only implicit in the Greek participial syntax.

Greek καθίσας is an aorist participle ('having sat down') and the Vulgate sedens a present participle; the Peshitta ܝܬܒ is a finite perfect verb governed by the preceding ܘܟܕ. The traditions agree lexically (root y-th-b, cf. Hebrew יָשַׁב) but differ in the formal verbal category.

Greek and Latin both supply the definite article/nominal phrase ὁ Ἰησοῦς / Jesus, whereas Syriac ܝܫܘܥ stands anarthrously since Syriac lacks a definite article and marks proper-name definiteness inherently.

Greek γαζοφυλακίου (a single Persian loanword for 'treasury') and the Latin transliteration gazophylacium are unitary nouns, whereas the Syriac renders the concept with a construct chain ܒܝܬ ܓܙܐ ('house of treasure'), a periphrastic idiom typical of Aramaic nominal compounding.

Greek ἐθεώρει and Latin aspiciebat are simple imperfects denoting durative observation; the Syriac expresses the same continuous aspect periphrastically with participle plus enclitic ܚܐܪ ܗܘܐ ('was watching'), the standard Syriac construction for the imperfect/durative past.

Greek βάλλει is present indicative within the indirect question, and the Vulgate uses the imperfect subjunctive jactaret; the Syriac ܪܡܝܢ is a participle (plural agreeing with the collective ܟܢܫܐ). The differences reflect each language's syntax for reported/durative action rather than any semantic divergence.

Greek χαλκόν ('copper/bronze coin') and Latin æs ('bronze, money') both denote base-metal currency by metonymy; the Syriac ܥܘܪܦܢܐ is a distinct term for small change/coinage, conveying the same sense without the metallurgical metonym.

Greek εἰς τὸ γαζοφυλάκιον and Latin in gazophylacium employ a preposition plus the treasury noun; the Syriac repeats the construct chain ܒܝܬ ܓܙܐ without an overt preposition, the directional sense being carried by the bare construct as is common in Syriac.

Greek πολλοί and Latin multi are independent adjectives ('many'); in Syriac the quantifier is fused with the preceding conjunction in ܘܣܓܝܐܐ ('and many'), so the conjunction and adjective share a single orthographic token.

Greek ἔβαλλον and Latin jactabant are simple imperfects of repeated action; the Syriac again uses the periphrastic durative ܪܡܝܢ ܗܘܘ (participle plus enclitic perfect of 'to be'), its idiomatic equivalent of the iterative imperfect.