Mark 2 : 8

Greek opens with paratactic καί ('and'), the characteristic Markan narrative connector; the Vulgate replaces it with the relative connective adverb Quo ('by which'), creating a subordinating ablative-absolute construction with cognito. The Peshitta has no equivalent here, instead using the postpositive ܕܝܢ later.

Greek uses an aorist participle ἐπιγνούς ('having perceived') agreeing with the nominative subject; the Vulgate renders it as the ablative absolute cognito, a typical Latin syntactic equivalent for the Greek circumstantial participle.

The Peshitta inserts the postpositive particle ܕܝܢ ('but/now'), a discourse connective with no direct counterpart in the Greek (which uses sentence-initial καί) or the Vulgate (which uses Quo). It marks a mild adversative/continuative shift typical of Syriac narrative style.

Greek τῷ πνεύματι αὐτοῦ ('in his spirit') uses an articular dative plus genitive pronoun; the Vulgate matches with spiritu suo. The Peshitta compresses this into the single inflected form ܒܪܘܚܗ (preposition + noun + possessive suffix), a normal Syriac synthetic construction for what Greek and Latin express analytically.

Greek includes the emphatic intensive pronoun αὐτοί ('they themselves'), reinforcing the subject of the verb; neither the Vulgate (whose verb cogitarent carries the subject) nor the Peshitta renders this pronoun explicitly, treating it as redundant against the inflected verb.

Greek διαλογίζονται ('they reason') is a present middle/passive; the Vulgate shifts to the imperfect subjunctive cogitarent under the influence of the relative-clause construction introduced by Quo. The Peshitta renders the verb ܡܬܪܥܝܢ (root th-r-e) and, by word order, places the demonstrative ܕܗܠܝܢ ('these things') before the verb, anticipating the object.

Greek ἐν ἑαυτοῖς ('among/within themselves') is a reflexive prepositional phrase, matched by the Vulgate intra se. The Peshitta again compresses this into the single suffixed form ܒܢܦܫܗܘܢ (literally 'in their souls/selves', root n-p-sh), a Semitic idiom using 'soul' as the reflexive.

Greek λέγει αὐτοῖς ('he says to them') is a single present verb plus dative pronoun. The Peshitta renders this with the waw-prefixed coordinated form ܘܐܡܪ ('and he said', root a-m-r) plus ܠܗܘܢ, introducing a paratactic 'and', whereas the Greek and Latin (dicit illis) leave the clause asyndetic.

Greek ταῦτα ('these things') stands as the direct object after τί; the Vulgate ista matches its position. The Peshitta places its demonstrative ܗܠܝܢ after the verb and subject pronoun, a divergence in word order reflecting Syriac clause structure though semantically equivalent.

Greek διαλογίζεσθε is a synthetic second-person plural present verb; the Vulgate cogitatis is likewise synthetic. The Peshitta uses the participle ܡܬܪܥܝܢ plus the independent pronoun ܐܢܬܘܢ ('you'), a periphrastic construction characteristic of Syriac present-tense expression.

Greek ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν ('in your hearts', plural) with article and genitive pronoun is matched analytically by the Vulgate in cordibus vestris. The Peshitta compresses this into the single suffixed form ܒܠܒܟܘܢ ('in your heart', singular, root b-l-b), using the collective singular for the distributive plural—a standard Syriac idiom.

The Vulgate marks the interrogative with a final question mark; the Greek encodes the same with the semicolon (Greek question mark) attached to ὑμῶν;. The Peshitta leaves the question morphologically signalled by ܡܢܐ without separate punctuation.