Mark 3 : 5

The Syriac ܘܚܪ (root w-kh-r) conflates the conjunction and the participle 'having looked around', whereas Greek περιβλεψάμενος (an aorist middle participle, 'looking around upon') and Latin circumspiciens preserve a distinct verb. The single Syriac verb is semantically equivalent but morphologically more compact.

Greek μετ᾽ ὀργῆς and Latin cum ira render 'with anger' as preposition + noun, while Syriac ܒܚܡܬܐ employs a single prefixed-preposition noun (b- + ḥemtā). The Syriac noun ܚܡܬܐ carries connotations of heat/fury, slightly intensifying the Greek ὀργή.

Greek τῇ πωρώσει τῆς καρδίας αὐτῶν ('the hardening of their heart') uses πώρωσις, a medical term for calcification/petrification; Latin renders this with cæcitate ('blindness'), a substitution that softens the metaphor toward dullness of perception. Syriac ܩܫܝܘܬ ܠܒܗܘܢ (q-sh-w, 'hardness of their heart') faithfully matches the Greek hardening image rather than the Latin blindness.

Greek τῷ ἀνθρώπῳ and Syriac ܠܗܘ ܓܒܪܐ ('to that man') both carry a definite article/demonstrative, the Syriac adding the deictic ܗܘ ('that'). Latin homini lacks any article, as Latin has no definite article, leaving the referent implicit.

Greek τὴν χεῖρά σου and Latin manum tuam express 'your hand' with a separate possessive, whereas Syriac ܐܝܕܟ encodes the second-person possessive as a pronominal suffix on the noun, a standard Semitic synthetic construction. No semantic difference results.

Greek ἐξέτεινεν and Latin extendit ('he stretched it out') are bare verbs, but Syriac ܘܦܫܛ fuses the connective ܘ ('and') with the verb p-sh-T. The Syriac and Greek/Latin agree in sense; the conjunction here overlaps with the following clause-initial conjunction.

Greek καὶ and Latin et present the connective as a separate token, whereas Syriac prefixes ܘ to the verb ܘܬܩܢܬ. This is purely orthographic/morphological, not a substantive divergence.

Greek ἀπεκατεστάθη (aorist passive of ἀποκαθίστημι, 'was restored to its former state') and Latin restituta est (perfect passive periphrasis) both convey full restoration. Syriac ܘܬܩܢܬ (th-q-n, 'was set right/made sound') is a near-synonymous middle/passive but lacks the prefix nuance of 'back to former state' carried by the Greek compound.

Greek ἡ χεὶρ αὐτοῦ ('his hand', article + noun + genitive pronoun) and Latin manus (without explicit possessive) correspond to Syriac ܐܝܕܗ, which again encodes the possessive as a suffix. The Latin omits an explicit pronoun for the hand, relying on illi below.

Greek closes with ὑγιὴς ὡς ἡ ἄλλη ('sound as the other'), a comparative clause likely harmonised toward the parallel in Matt 12:13. Latin reads only illi ('to him'), omitting the comparison entirely, while the Syriac likewise lacks the clause, indicating the longer Greek reading is a later expansion.

The Vulgate inserts a colon punctuation mark introducing direct speech, a scribal/editorial feature of the Clementine edition absent from the unpointed Greek and Syriac witnesses.